BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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ChUng to da thao luan met phan stf ket hop va lien ket thong qua than luan ye cac he thong con trong met gia dinh. Cac kgt hOp cho nguOi can be biet nhung ai co lien quan vdi nhau trong van de nao. Ski lien ket cO the la theo eh& nang hoac phi chfic nang. Trong met gia dinh ngttei me Ira ngvai cha hinh thanh ski lien kgt quygt dinh cac nguyen tac va thuc hien cac trach nhiem lam cha me wing nhau, nhang di.ta con ea hieu biet re rang ye viec ngttei cha, me lam va khong the digu khien nguali cha, me thong qua noei kia. Trong met gia dinh ma met ngvai cha/me lien ket vdi &fa con, ngudi cha/my khong dude lien kgt kia se cam thay bi be ra ngoai va doi khi khOng dude tham gia vdi gia dinh. Cac lien ICA va ket help lanh manh thong finking xay ra khi met during ranh dude thigt lap giila nhung ngdai thuec the he khac nhau, tre con trong met nhom va cha me trong met nhom khac. Met dieu ciing quan trong IA phai nhan thilc dude cac he thgng tro ginp ma gia dinh có the vien den. Gia dinh len, nth lam viec, nha the, ban be hoac nhang he thgng try gitip khac có the tra nen hilu ich tai the thai diem nhat dinh trong can thiep. Mac dau ban thUang khong lien he vdi nhang he th6ng tre ginp nay ma khong co st/ cho phop, the thanh vien gia dinh cO the goi ho vao nhUng hic can gitip do. Chang han, met nguai se goi cho cha hoac me minh de tre gitip trong viec dgi phd vdi tinh hinh. Nai lam viec ciing co the tro giup n6u gia dinh Can thei gian cho cac buei tri lieu, va ban be throng &Ong vai tro quan trong trong h6 4.0 qua trinh can thiep. Cac t6 chile tro gitip nha nhA truong, nha the có the lam giam rip hie ma gia dinh cO. Cac h6 tro than tinh va chinh guy co the rat quan trong trong thanh cling cUa tong tat gia dinh. Viec too Ong nhung tre gnip nay co the la met trong nhung nhiem vu gia dinh Can lam a dat chicle cac aux Lieu. Cac y6t, t6 m6i twang Nhieu y6u t6 mei trUdng can phai &tee xem xet trong qua trinh tim hieu, met trong s6 clO la cac tang nhu cau cim Maslow'. matt chgt nhat trong cac tang nay la nhung nhu cau thiett ye'u nhtttluic pham, quan not trU than va chain sac y t6 ciing nhu nhang 116 tro ye tinh cam (Holman, 1983). Sp tap trung chuyen sang nhung danh gia vg cac nhu cau ben ngoai, vi du mang kith xa hei nhu nhan vien CTXH; cac t6 chile quan he xd hei nhu ndi lam viec, nha the, gia dinh, ban be. Cho ygu t6 mei trueng 268 Maslow, A. (1967). Toward a psychology of being. New York: Van Nstrand Reinhold.
khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la tinh hinh kinh t6 cua gia dinh. Cac gia dinh phai tap trung vao kiem song co it theli gian giai quyelnhung van de tinh cam. MOt gia dinh Elm kiern su trO gitip vi cac khO khan tai chinh tintang khong co nhieu cac nguen Rio, Vi vay, tinh hinh viec lam cUa gia dinh va thu nhap (KW tao ra co the la vAn de trong tarn cila cac n6 Rio ban &au. Cac cau hOi co ban dudi day se (my& dinh mac can thiep can de trd gitip gia dinh. 1. Ho co dang song trong met mei trudng an toan khong? 2. Ho có flu ludng that va quAn ao 3. Tinh hinh vies lam cua gia dinh the nap? 4. CO phuong phap nao ma qua do nhan vien CTXH se giilp dupe phan nao trong dam bao thu nhap cua gia dinh khong? 5. Cac phuong phap trao din vdi mei trttang ben ngoai cua gia dinh la gi? 6. Gia dinh co phu thuec vao cac ngu6n Rio ben ngoai khong? M6t y6u to' mei truang quan trong can xem xet a van hoa, nen tang va thanh phan dan toe cim gia dinh va no anh htiang den quan diem cna ho ye mei tratang ra sao. Cac van de dan toe va sti da dang van hoa khac nhau gia clink viec nhan ra tee &Ong cUa chUng la rAt quan trong trong Wan be qua trinh can thiep. Nhan vien CTXH phai hieu re y nghia cUa cac khai niem van hod va dan toe truck khi lam vies vdi gia dinh. "Van hoa la sti phut trien cua cac gia tri, cac niem tin, cac phong tut va cbudn flax ma moi ngudi hoc, thueng trong boi cAnh gia dinh va ceng deng dm. ho. Dan tee có nghia la ban sac ciia met ca nhan, su cam ket va trung thanh vdi met nhem dan tee'. Trong khi xem xet lam vice the nao vdi nhiing gia dinh co van hod va thanh phan dan tee khac nhau, nhan vien CTXH can nhdn ra van de co ban thuong tao deng den nhung gia dinh nay. Chang ban, vi met s6 nhOm dan toe thieu s6 nhal dinh co mite song ngheo va bi phan biet d6i nhien hdn, ho tt co kha nang sit dung chain sac y t6 tam than va cac dish vu ding Ong khac (Ho, 1987, trg. 14-18). Mac dau cac gia dinh kh6ng nen dude lap thanh nguyen matt, mot s6 511 that cd ban killing nen 66 qua. MOt trong nhung sy time cd ban nay la met s6 gia dinh nh6t dinh co the co cac nhu cau song co ban hdn nhu cau giai quy6t nhung giao tik phi chitc nang. I Jordan. C.. & Franklin. C. (1995). Clinical assessment for social workersL Quantitative and qualitative methods. Chicago: Lyceum. 269
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299 and 300: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 301 and 302: chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309 and 310: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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