BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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danh gia, hay et). bat cu hanh deng gi lam anh }Mang dgn qua trinh thigt lap m6i quan he do. Mau thain thif hai xay ra a viec nhan vien CTXH c6 gAng xac dinh van de' that re net. Rogers chit ygu phan dOi;vai tro aim ngudi digu tri trong viec (Iva ra nhiing danh gia mang tinh chuyen nghiep, dtia ra Lien luting vg van ire cua khach hang, chi clan khach hang theo bat c3 each nao. Quan diem nay trai ngulc vol nhu cau danh gia von rat thtfang thay trong da s6 eac linh \Ric CTXH nhu IA phtic loi gong cling, site khae tam than egm cling d8ng, lao h6a va digu chinh nhilng sai l'ech vg tam than - tam h. Mac du ca nhilng han chg tren, tam quan trong cua vice uu tien thi'gt lap mai quan hg tich cue yei khach hang ritiOc Kau hgt cac nhan vien CTXH chap nhan. Turing to nhu vay, quan niem rang khach hang co kha nang va di sue tign tin so hien attic Ma ban than (Woe tong nhan reng rai trong cac tai lieu vg CTXH. Me hinh danh gia dtta teen li thuy6t he th6ng Li thuygt he thgng, vdi so nhan manh vao viec hieu mei Wong lien giva cac he thgng va mai truang va cac tieu he thiing, da sung cap met mO hinh digu tri phu hop voi trong tam vg con ngtfai-trong-moi-truang cua CTXH. Nghien cuu cim Carol B. Germain trong viec phol hop cac linh 111.1C thuygt he thgng va quan diem sinh thai hoc da di sau vac van itg cac hee, thgng hanh vi khac nhau. Phudng phap tip can vg he sinh thai cim ba da tap trung vao nhang trao giila con nguai va mai tritang aim ho. Nhung 11 thuygt vg cac he thgng va he sinh thai da to ra hilu ich doi vOi viec danh gifi trong hnh voc CTXH bat cac 1f thuygt nay gitip nguai digu tri xem xet hanh vi ena khach hang trong b6i canh cac he thong. Khach hang 65 the cai thien chifc nang hanh vi cua minh nhigu Mn bang each xac dinh xem he thging hanh vi nao sai chile nang va sau do tac deng thay dfii flitting he thOng do. MQt hi'eu qua khac cua li thuyeet he thong la quan niem rang ban than con ngttai la met he thong via cog tigu he thong dam nhi'em cac chile nang nhu he tilting "sinh hoc", "tinh cam" va "tarn linh". Cac tik he thgng nay Hale hien chile nang la bi? phan nhan each con ngliai va can (Woe ghi nhd khi nhan vien CTXH tign himh danh gia. Cac van dg caa ca nhan co the xay ra a bat cif cap de flex) nhu cap de ca nhan, nhOm, tong &Ong hay cac he thgng xa hQi Ion hon. 73
M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?nh nhan each Quan diem vg gee the manh cua ca nhan gifip nhan vien CTXH va khach hang tap trung vao viec s>t dung cac the manh do de giai quye't cac van de cuee sling. Quan diem ve cac the manh nhan each' cung cap cac nguyen tac chi dao gulp cu the h6a each nhin nhan hAnh vi con nguai theo met each rat khac Met. Nen tang cua If thuyet nay cho rang cac ca nhan ve lau ve dAi se khac plum chide cac van de cim ho nett ho dude h6 try xac dinh, tim ra va sii dung cac the manh, ngueln luc san co trong ban than va mai trdeng cua ho. Tuy nhien, 5 ; twang don gian nay cling duct met sal tee gia cho IA 06 mat lieu cue. CO ngdai cho la quan diem vg the manh cua cac ca nhan la quan diem kha khan va thin gian, rang quan diem tren phit nhan ode thanh tuu trong tam li hoc tri lieu va ngn tang kign thfic y sinh hoc cung cac me hinh then tre. Day IA met each nhin nhan dang ti6c vi cac hieu Net ve the manh nhan each khong phai la phan de trong viec dieu tit DO chinh la phan quan trong cUa giai phap dieu tri. Mo hinh danh gia dua tren cac the manh ca nhan giup nhan vien CTXH chuyen trong tam xem 'cot Van de, trieu chitng va bia) u hien lam sang. Ho se tap trung tim hieu cac the manh cua khach hang, nguOn luc &la ho va nhung thanh cling da c6 cua khach hang. Me hinh "ROPES" tim hieu the ngu8n, cac 11,a chop, cac kha nang, cac ngoai le va cac giai phap ("resources, options, possibilities, exceptions and solutions") dtidc Graybeal 3 phat tries. Cling vdi nam yang sue manh nay, m6 hinh cua Graybeal cling xac dinh chide diem trong tam can nhgn manh cling nhu cung cap nhang eau hOi cu the gitip nhan vien CTXH va khach hang xac dinh eau tra lai cu the. Hop du6i day xem rat va the hien cac 376u t6 trong me hinh dieu tri cua Graybeal. Weick, A., Rapp, C., Sullivan, W. P., & Krishardt, W. (1989). A strengths perspective for social work practice. Social work, 34(4), 350-354. Saleebey, D. (1997). The strengths perspective in social work practice (Ti d ed.). Ney York: Longman. 2 Saleebey, sdd Graybeal, C. (2001). Strength-based social wor assessment: Transfonning the dominant paradigm. Families in Society: The Jounmal of Contemporary Human Services. 8, 233-242. 74
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
Page 19 and 20:
Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
Page 21 and 22: 8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
Page 23 and 24: 1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
Page 25 and 26: 9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
Page 27 and 28: cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
Page 29 and 30: Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
Page 31 and 32: • Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
Page 33 and 34: 3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
Page 35 and 36: Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
Page 37 and 38: thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
Page 39 and 40: Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
Page 41 and 42: Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
Page 43 and 44: Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
Page 45 and 46: Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
Page 47 and 48: Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
Page 49 and 50: 4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
Page 51 and 52: Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
Page 53 and 54: 17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
Page 55 and 56: + Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
Page 57 and 58: mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
Page 59 and 60: Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
Page 61 and 62: NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
Page 63 and 64: 64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
Page 65 and 66: • de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
Page 67 and 68: mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
Page 69 and 70: • Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
Page 71: • Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
Page 75 and 76: lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
Page 77 and 78: 6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
Page 79 and 80: True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
Page 81 and 82: • Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
Page 83 and 84: throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
Page 85 and 86: nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
Page 87 and 88: TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
Page 89 and 90: nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
Page 91 and 92: tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
Page 93 and 94: 6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
Page 95 and 96: cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
Page 97 and 98: them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
Page 99 and 100: 3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
Page 101 and 102: 3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
Page 103 and 104: Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
Page 105 and 106: qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
Page 107 and 108: nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
Page 109 and 110: can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
Page 111 and 112: Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
Page 113 and 114: Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
Page 115 and 116: chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
Page 117 and 118: Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
Page 119 and 120: cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
Page 121 and 122: Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
Page 127 and 128:
TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
Page 213 and 214:
Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238:
Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262:
Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264:
Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266:
Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270:
10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272:
Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
Page 347 and 348:
Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
Page 357 and 358:
Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
Page 365 and 366:
HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
Page 391 and 392:
Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
Page 393 and 394:
Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
Page 395 and 396:
z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
Page 403 and 404:
103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
Page 407:
Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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