BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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Kithuet sir dung lieu phap thi hien syluting ding vi su chin thvc Dac diem cilia lieu pile') liking clang va lieu phap than thtfc la dita cho khach hang met thong diep rang nhan vien CTXH dang chfnh la ban then ho. Nhan vien CTXH khong gia va hay (long kich, ma mu6n ho trd khach hang met each that lOng. Chinh hai sn than thee, nhan vien CTXH cling se thay thoai mai vdi nhiling cam giac ma ho dude trai nghiem trong suol dot (Egli tri. Theo Rogers (1986), nhan vien CTXH la chfnh ban than anh ta khi del dien vdi khach hang cna minh. Khang can ye ngoai the day, anh ta reng long vdi nhcing cam giac va thai tae Ong tin anh ta vao hie do. Nhan vien CTXH d6i mat true tigp vdi khach hang, gap anh ta true then. Anh ta can phai la chfnh minh, chU khong plait nhan anh ta. Din tren stl xem xet cua nhan vien CTXH, vao bat c' thai diem thich hop ilk), flitting cam giac cua ngUlT ha trd dude bac le nham lam tang cuong men quan he khach hang - nhan vien CTXH. Khong gi6ng nhiang mo hinh truygn thong trong d6 nhan vien CTXH cat nghia cho khach hang nhUng khia canh trong hanh vi, giac mo hay su chuyen dick tinh cam cua ho, lieu phitp lay d6i tuong lam trung tam khign khach hang tlf than to ban than minh. Vige at bleu ban than cho phep ho dua "nghia mOi" vao "kinh nghiem cim rieng nhu cho phep ho hieu m6i quan he nhan-qua hay he qua cna hanh vi vg ho tit met quan niem emit Rogers khong tan thanh vdi &tang hUdng cho phep ngttai ho trd ditcic chin doan hay danh gia theo bat c5 each nao. Mei quan he digu tri phai lay d6i Wong lam trung tam, cho phep khach hang giao tigp 66i m6 ve ban than ho va sp to clanh gia cua ho. Digu nay cho phep khach hang tki quye't dinh xem cai gi la quan trong va cai gi thi khong quan trong d6i vdi ho. Viec ho bigt rang nhan vien CTXH chap nhan ho nhu ho von c6 (su quan tam tieh cric khong digu kien) la du dd cho phep khach hang bat (Tau qua trinh danh gia lai. Vai cua khach hang phai la vai tp nhien vdi lath nhi'em dich thtic caa ho chit khOng phai la kik nguoi ma ngttbi khac mu6n 119 tra thanh. Do do, nhan vien CTXH phai khign khach hang tin city va tin rang ho c6 kha nang lam digu c6 ich nhat cho chfnh ho, Oa tit cam gific dich thic ma khach hang ea dude. Qua trinh sita den nay San ra xuyen suott mai quan he ' Roger, sdd, t 174 155
chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CTXH va khach hang. Khi nhan vien CTXH thd hien met thai dO quail tam tich cue, su earn thong thing va lien he vdi khach hang vdi ea nhan, vdi nhung Wong clang vg cam giac Aga ho, khach hang se bat (tau lien he nhu nhUng con nguoi birth dAng. Li thuyet he th6ng, lieu pilau va cac kith* ling dung Anh httang mang tfnh khai niem tien guy& nhat dei vdi nhung ngdai di lien phong trong vies su dung lieu phap gia dinh la If thuyet he, theng. Tren tint(' td, lieu phap gia dinh va cac he thong gala nhan den muc ma Chung gan nhu tra thanh deng nghia. Theo Nichols va Schawrtz', Thuyet HO thong Tong quat (CST), do Lugwig von Bertalanffy phat tridn, cm thue su dude phat tridn nhu la met mg hinh nhieu hon la met li thuyet. D6 la "met each to duy hay met be nhfing phan doan ma c6 thd dude an dung cho tat ca moi 1041 he Hieing". Mac du c6 nhieu khai niem thwec GST trong lieu phap gia dinh, mo hinh nay duqc cho la khong gay anh twang tai cong tae he tre ban dau den vice giao tiep trong gia dinh; tong tac he trq nay da do Gregory Bateson va thing nghiep tign hanh tai Vien Nghien elm Tam Than, bat dau tii eu6i nhung nom 50. Bateson nh6n manh den tam quail trong cua tinh nhan qua Juan hdi trong giao tiep. Theo &tang Inking nay thi muc dinh can dat &A la digu tri nhfing van dg xuat phat to nhung giao tiep co true trac. Vai tr6 cUa nhan vien CTXH la lam giam thidu va scta elnla nhitng 16i lap Jai, do do clan tOi hanh vi giao tiep sai muc Bich. Nhang nhan vien tri lieu bang lieu phap gia dinh duang nhu da ap dung if thuyet he th6ng vao thgc tg met each thanh ceng nhat. Mac du khOng co met If thuyet hay &tang Inking can thiep don thuan nao chi dua tren GST, nhung khai niem trong if thuyet nay da dude dUng ph6i hqp trong rat nhigu kidu lieu phap gia dinh. Vi the met trong nhieu lieu phap gia dinh phi Bien hon ea dkia tren If thuygt he thong la lieu phap co chit gia dinh, rat can duqc neen citu. Lieu phap co clu gia dinh Lieu phap co eau gia dinh cua Salvadore Minuchin, cling gitMg nhu cac if thuygt ve digu tri ca nhAn, sung cap met phttong phap c6 t6 chile va e6 I Nichols. M. S. & Schwartz. R. (2001). Family therapy: Concepts and methods (5' ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 156
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
Page 103 and 104: Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
Page 105 and 106: qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
Page 107 and 108: nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
Page 109 and 110: can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
Page 111 and 112: Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
Page 113 and 114: Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
Page 115 and 116: chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
Page 117 and 118: Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
Page 119 and 120: cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
Page 121 and 122: Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
Page 123 and 124: dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
Page 125 and 126: thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
Page 127 and 128: TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
Page 129 and 130: gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
Page 131 and 132: 4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
Page 133 and 134: i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
Page 135 and 136: Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
Page 137 and 138: Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
Page 139 and 140: Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
Page 141 and 142: ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
Page 143 and 144: ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
Page 145 and 146: KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
Page 147 and 148: C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
Page 149 and 150: can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
Page 151 and 152: Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
Page 153: "Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
Page 157 and 158: 5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
Page 159 and 160: de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
Page 161 and 162: To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
Page 163 and 164: KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
Page 165 and 166: lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
Page 167 and 168: khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
Page 169 and 170: h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
Page 171 and 172: Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
Page 173 and 174: nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
Page 175 and 176: Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
Page 177 and 178: Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
Page 179 and 180: nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
Page 181 and 182: Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
Page 183 and 184: Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
Page 185 and 186: dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
Page 187 and 188: Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
Page 189 and 190: Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
Page 191 and 192: Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
Page 193 and 194: clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
Page 195 and 196: hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
Page 197 and 198: 1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
Page 199 and 200: 1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
Page 201 and 202: Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
Page 203 and 204: 3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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