BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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trudng hoc cua khach hang doi khi tong cung cap thong tin nay. VD: diem danh, diem so, tai lap hoc (ea hai den is nhilng bign doe lap quan trong), diem danh tai co quan, va gee ghi chop khec có thg lgy ducic va c6 ich, phu thuoc vao muc tieu Cu the. Met nguou du lieu nfia co thg lay dune IA thong qua cac quan sat ve hanh vi cfm del tudng, trong do met hanh vi cu the dude coi la muc tieu can thay dgi, &tee quan. sat va cO the tign hanh ghi chap vg hanh vi muc tieu. Quan sat co t4 three tign hanh bat khach hang, thanh vies gia dinh, giao vien, hay nhung ngudi khac a mot vi tri co thg xac dinh chinh xac va ghi lai chive cac hanh vi xay ra. VD: gido vien dem sg Ian met sinh vien ra khOi che' ma khong xin phep, cha me ghi lai sg Ian met data con bi gidi nghiem ve nha dung gitl , v.v,.. Nhan vien CTXH co thg ghi lai s6 Ian mei ngudi trong met cap vo thong not dieu gi 'cue pham vg ngudi kia hay sg Mn met thanh vien nhut nhAt trO nen cai ma vgi cac thanh vien khac tr'ong nh6m. Nguen du lieu /lila la the thang diem hoar cac cong cu khac thigt kg dg do luring sty thay dgi. VD: cac thang digm thigt kg 4 do lutOng mile dd to tin vao minh, muc de tram cam, mile do lo long va cac tinh each ca nhan khac. Hai ding Cu phe; bin la Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1991) Ara thang diem Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) trong S6 tay Odin docin vd thong he cac r6 nhiju tarn ti (APA, 2000). Trong met sgvl du, cac co quan hoar to chile khan cO the elnu trach nhi'em ye viec dua ra hay phan tfch cac tong cu nay. Cac thang diem Hwang rdi vao hai loai, nhung thang diem nhan vien CTXH tao ra cho cac khach hang ca nhan va cac ding cu da throe chuan hoe. Co nhUng ich loi ve de tin cay va do gia tri trong viec sa dung the cong cu nay. Cac quygt dinh sit) dung loai du lieu nao dude dua ra trong giai doan danh gia trUong hop eaa quy trinh giai quygt van dg. Neu có the, khich hang nen dude tham gia trong qua trinh lua chon cOng cu do Krung su tign trign. Nhan vien CTXH can phai suy tinh met kg hoach danh gia a giai doan dau nay dm qua trinh trd giap va nen dude bigt gee Iva ehon co thg. Cac mo hinh he thgng don le la cling cu danh gia nhUng thay dgi trong hanh vi va nhung tha it rd rang hen nhu long tin va thai do cua khach hang. Cac m6 hinh nay dip tren gia thigt rang the thay dgi trong thgng eó the' thay va do luting a mite do nao do. ChUng to se thao Klan cu thg nom me hinh he thgng don le: AB, B, ABA, ABAB va ABCD. 364
Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the thigt kg AB, chung ta phai dinh nghia hai khai niem nghien cUu: A va B. Khi khach hang Mn dau den vdi chting ta, ho thtiong trinh bay the tinh hu6ng ho cam thay khong the chin dking (We. Day c6 the la met su bat hoa trong hen nhan, mau thuan giCta cha me va con cal, hay the tinh hu6ng dil then ra trong met thdi gian. De 66 the gidp duos nhan vien CTXH, li tUdng nhatt la khach hang cho chdng ta the thong tin cu the ve 56 tan xay ra ena nhung tinh hu6ng nay, hoac mac do nghiem trong, hoac ca hai. Chang han, ta se xem met dim tre be hoc vdi tan suet la hai Fan met tuan, trong hoc ki trttdc. Thong tin nay cho pile)) chting ta xay ching du lieu ve giai doan train khi c6 su can thiep tha ngtidi lam ding the xa hei, goi la baseline dai dien cho diem khdi dau, dua vao do ta 06 the xac dinh nhiing thay deU trong tticing lai. Trong thigt k6 AB, giai doan co se (baseline) hay tien can thiep la A va Men diem diem khdi dau. Trong truang Mil) nay, ti le tr6n hoc hai Mn mot tuan có the duet so sanh vdi s6 Ian trgn hoc sau khi chUng ta bat clan can thiep. Giai doan can thiep la phan B cita thiet kg AB. Nhu vay, mO hinh AB theo dOi tinh hueing tit trade khi co ski can thiep cUa ngudi lam ceng the xa hei va tae deng cim cOng the xa hei len d6i utOng. VD: Binh 10.1 me ta thigt kg AB &toe trong trudng hop hoc sinh bao cao be hoc finking xuyen. Trong giai doan A hay giai doan ed sd (baseline), hoc sinh nay tr6n hoc tit met dgn ba tit mot tuAn trong giai doan nam tuan trUOc khi can thiep, sau khi can thiep, tan sec xual hien Men Wong trgn hoc la met hoac khOng trong met tuan. Vi li do gia dinh tim den ski gitip del la ski yang mat d trtiang cUa can be, day duos coi la ski tign bq va c6 the tam coi qua trinh can thiep da c6 lac dung. Se la hciu ich ngu ta theo dOi ski hen be nay c6 tip dien cho den cuoi nam hoc hay khOng. Tuy nhien, to chic CTXH c6 the khong tham gia vao qua trinh tigp theo nen ta khong the chac than lieu ski ti6n UO c6 &toe duy tri sau can thiep hay khong. Thiel kg AB di the dung tot khi hoac la c6 ghi ehep 4 hanh vi c6 van de trade khi can thiep hoac khi c6 the tign Minh ghi chop. Cac n6 hic de tai tan lai nhiTing su kien nkat so Mn cai nhau hay se; Mn mot Ong cheng di nhau nhet sau khi su viec da xay ra den han chef ve hieu qua vi 66 the su hei Wang den khi khOng chinh xac. KM ta khOng the the dinh dude giai doan A hay giai doan khai dau, chting ta phai xem xet cac mo hinh khac. Met thay the thtiong dtiOc sit dung la thiet k6 B. 365
Page 1 and 2:
DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
Page 317 and 318: • Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
Page 319 and 320: Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
Page 321 and 322: Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
Page 323 and 324: dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
Page 325 and 326: va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
Page 327 and 328: Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
Page 329 and 330: Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
Page 331 and 332: Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
Page 333 and 334: Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
Page 335 and 336: Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
Page 337 and 338: clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
Page 339 and 340: Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
Page 341 and 342: nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
Page 343 and 344: can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
Page 345 and 346: deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
Page 347 and 348: Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
Page 349 and 350: thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
Page 351 and 352: an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
Page 353 and 354: vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
Page 355 and 356: giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
Page 357 and 358: Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
Page 359 and 360: hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
Page 361: qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
Page 365 and 366: HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
Page 367 and 368: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Page 369 and 370: 6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page 371 and 372: nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
Page 373 and 374: Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
Page 375 and 376: (Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
Page 377 and 378: chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
Page 379 and 380: cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
Page 381 and 382: Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
Page 383 and 384: E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
Page 385 and 386: an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
Page 387 and 388: chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
Page 389 and 390: trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
Page 391 and 392: Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
Page 393 and 394: Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
Page 395 and 396: z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
Page 397 and 398: 16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
Page 399 and 400: 46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
Page 401 and 402: 74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
Page 403 and 404: 103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406: 132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
Page 407: Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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