BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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nhien ki thuat nay nen &Mc dp dung mat each than trong de kheng gay hai gi den khAch hang. Nhan vien CTXH nen tim kien sit gidm sat W ai do da tang dude dao tam sii dung Id thuat nay thing clan. Quan diem ve nhitng diem manh Mae du quan diem VO diem manh van clnia due phat trier' thanh hoc thuyet, no thue su gay anh huang den each suy nghi va each lam cilia cac chuyen gia'. Cac phdong phap dieu tri thuc hAnh xuat phat tit quan diem lay diem manh lam nen tang se dude mieu to dudi day vdi cac m6 hinh nhu lieu phap sit dung chuyan gia dinh, lieu phap lay giai phap lam trung tam, lieu phap phat trien tong deng,... Lieu phap ley giii phap lam trung tam Phudng phap tievp can nay do Steve de Shazer va Insoo Kim Berk khai xdong. Phudng phap nay trai ngdoe vdi the me hinh giai quyet van de va m6 hinh chlia benh bang y hoc yen tim each xac dinh nguyen nhan cu the cho mat van dg caa ca nhAn hay caa mat gia dinh (Vi du nhu mat gene gay benh nghian rdau ham sinh hay mat van de bAt ngu6n tit su phat triOn &in thdi ki the au). MO hinh nay tim ra each hUu ich hdn a xay dung nen giai phap. De Shazer Met throe rang phat hien ra nguOn gay benh va lien hai no vdi mat giai phap kha thi khang nhat thiet se clan khach hang tdi dich caa ho. Thay vao do, cac ea nhAn, cac cap vO thong va car gia dinh can tap trung vao cac he qua ye cac giai phap ma ho mong muen dat cldOe. Theo de Shazer (1985), "each hint ich nhat de quyet dinh xem canh cUa nao ma ra dude mat giai phap la ce gAng mieu to xem khich hang se lam gi khac kh6ng va/hoac ehuyan gi se xay ra khfie biet voi hie trutic mot khi van de dude giai quyet, nha do khach hang se mong co chicle su thay der. Quan diem digu tri nay silt dung hai hoat clang not bat de tro gitip vioc tim ra giai phap. Trtidc het no glop khach hang xay dung dude nhung Inv tieu hoan chinh phii hop vdi nhUng gi ho mong muen. Thu hai la tim giai phap cho van de cim ho. Bang cac ki xao rang nghe va chat van, nhan vien CTXH gitip khach hang tim kiem "nhiing ngoai le", de la nhung lan khi van de khong xay ra hoac xay ra it thdeng xuyen hdn. Saleebey. D. (2002). Introduction: Power in people. In D. Saleebey (Ed.). The strengths perspective in social work practice (3"' ed., ppl 1-22). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 163
KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Berg (2002) da xac dinh cac giai doan co ban dm viec xay dung giai phap: me ti van dg, phat tries raw Bich hoan chinh, phai hop cac eau hei ce phep 19, tham do cac ngoai va ket thtic phan hoi cila ddt digu tri. Khi gap gel khach hang lin clau Gen, nhan vien CTXH nen chao hal tong ngwai mot, tim hieu mot chUt vg 119 bang each hat he xem horn nay h9 thgy thg nao. Cang can thigt phai gill thich cho ho sa dung nam budc cd ban vg viec se tign hanh cac dot digu tri nhu thg nao de khach hang bigt duos tong viec se tintrign ra sao. Tai that diem nay, nhan ten CTXH ce the chuygn trong tam vao viec mo to van da bang each hal. "Tot ce the gitip da gi dude kitting?" hoac "Ban mugn horn nay tittle hien chide viec gi trong buei gap mat deu tier) nay caa cluing to?". Nhan vien CTXH sau de se lAng nghe met each dtly ton kinh vdi tat ca nhung gi khach hang phai not ve van dg caa ho. Hai chi tigt la viec can thigt, nhung nhAn vien CTXH bang Id thuat lgy giai phap lam trung tam clei hei it chi tigt vg van de caa khach hang hon so vdi nhung nhAn vien CTXH sit dung ki thutit giai quygt van de' hay citing bien phap y hoc. Khach hang can &tee nghe, can duos tau co hQi ke chuyen cita minh, va nhAn vien CTXH can san long lang nghe ho nei. Khi su dung quan diem digu tri nay, nhan vien CTXH hai nhung cau hoi tren lap trliong "clta bigt gi ca" de nhin nhan khach hang nhu la nhung nguai co nang luc, oat ho vao nhiing vai chuyen gia vg cuQc sang va nhung gi ho mugn dat dtidc cting nhu la each tat nhgt de dat chide awe dich cua h9. Ctic cau hfid trong sugt giai doan dau ben nay nham tim hieu xem van dg gay anh huang nhu thgnao del vdi khach hang, hay tai sao nfi lai tro thenh met vain de cua khach hang. Nhan vien CTXH co thg mugn hid khach hang xem ho da thii lam gi chat dg giai quygt yin de. Khi khach hang trinh bay nhigu van dg digu can nhgt la tim ra xem van de nao khach hang cho la quan trong nhgt hoAc muan gill quygt truck. De lam dude viec nay, nhan vien CTXH phai t6m tat nhung gi khAch hang bee cao minh va hoi xem yin de gi la quan trong hon ca, nhu o vi du minh hoa saw "Giang, anh viia xac dinh met so van de. Chting bao gem cac yin dg d cito lam, vg hen nhan cita anh va ve sue kith cua anh nua. The yin da nao la quan trong hon ca dgi vdi anh vao hic nay?". Khi khach hang thu hap lai trong tam yin de nho k he; tref cua nhan vien CTXH, bode tigp theo la chuygn hUting cufic pi-long van sang viec dat muc tiou xem khach hang mugn c6 chuygn bign gi. 164
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
Page 111 and 112: Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
Page 113 and 114: Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
Page 115 and 116: chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
Page 117 and 118: Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
Page 119 and 120: cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
Page 121 and 122: Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
Page 123 and 124: dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
Page 125 and 126: thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
Page 127 and 128: TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
Page 129 and 130: gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
Page 131 and 132: 4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
Page 133 and 134: i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
Page 135 and 136: Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
Page 137 and 138: Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
Page 139 and 140: Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
Page 141 and 142: ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
Page 143 and 144: ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
Page 145 and 146: KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
Page 147 and 148: C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
Page 149 and 150: can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
Page 151 and 152: Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
Page 153 and 154: "Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
Page 155 and 156: chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
Page 157 and 158: 5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
Page 159 and 160: de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
Page 161: To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
Page 165 and 166: lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
Page 167 and 168: khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
Page 169 and 170: h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
Page 171 and 172: Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
Page 173 and 174: nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
Page 175 and 176: Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
Page 177 and 178: Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
Page 179 and 180: nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
Page 181 and 182: Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
Page 183 and 184: Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
Page 185 and 186: dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
Page 187 and 188: Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
Page 189 and 190: Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
Page 191 and 192: Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
Page 193 and 194: clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
Page 195 and 196: hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
Page 197 and 198: 1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
Page 199 and 200: 1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
Page 201 and 202: Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
Page 203 and 204: 3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
Page 205 and 206: giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
Page 207 and 208: "dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
Page 209 and 210: Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
Page 211 and 212: cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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