BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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giai quygt nhang van de theo co eau do c6 the tan ra sti do du dm the thanh vien vi ho khang c6 nhieu kign tranh luan va n6i nang kh8ng thoai mai trdde cot nhem Ion. Vi cac guy& dinh dude dda ra do da so, thu tvc nghi vien eg the dan dgn nhfing cam gine kheng thoai mai khi ai do gat ra sv phan dgi cua thieu so. Them naa, thu Luc nghi vien kheng phai IA met phuang phap giai quygt cac van de phut tap. 06i vdi viec giai quygt van de lon, phdc tap, tea hem la hoi met nhem nha din ra do xuai cung cap cho nhem Idn a co quygt dinh cu6i Nhom digu tri Nhom dieu tri: nhem co muc dich chinh la dap fang nhu eau tinh cam xa hei caa cac thanh vien. Mac dich ena viec thAnh lap cox nh6m dieu tri nay co the bao g6m viec dap 8ng nhu eau caa cac thanh vien trong viec ho tro, giao due, tri lieu Wet trien va giao tiep xa hei (Toseland va Rivas, 2001, trg. 15). Nhang nhOm nay thddng dude coi la nana trong boi canh chtia tri nhu benh vien, khi chila tri td, trong met ed quan hay met banh nhan digu tri ngoai tri. Ce cac loai nhom trong nhem digu tri sau day: 1. Nhom ha tro IA nhang nhem lien kgt the ca nhan lai vdi nhau de clang nhau trO gitlp, Chia se quan tam va thue hien the hoat clang. Nhem ha tre co th6 din ra trong nhieu boi canh nhu nha thd, nha trdang, cac call lac be xa hei, cac gia dinh, t6 chic tong d8ng va cac to chile dich vv. Mac tieu cua nhern ha tro la gitip da cac ca nhan giAi guy& eang thang trong cuee song hang each mang lai cho ho cac ki nang dgi mat hieu qua. Nhfing nhem nay giup duy tri ye cung cap su khich 10 cho cac thanh vien. Cac Id nang dgi mat hieu qua (Woe phat tridn thong qua su qua lai Oita e'en thanh vien trong nh6m voi nhau. 2. Nh6m giao due cung cap th8ng tin cho cac thanh vien trong nh6m. Thong thuang, met phan died gian cho nhan vien CTXH trinh bay the tai lieu vg met cha de. Vi du, met nh6m gia dinh gap nhau de thu thap thong tin vg viec sit dung ma tuY trong gidi tre. Them vac) viec trinh bay the tai lieu mO pham, can be' cilia ra cho nhem cox cc; hei de thao luan cac thong tin voi nhau nham hoc tap kinh nghiem eaa ngdai khae. Toseland va Rivas (2001) geli y rang khi cac thanh vien trong .nhem dä throe hta chon, nhan vien CTXH nen can nhac Mile de kign Haw cua cac thanh vien trong nhem ve clui de a tat ca cac thanh vien ce the tham gia. 292
3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6 de he tro cac thanh vien dat dtiOc tiern nang cao nhat ena ho, chting khong dttOc thiet kg cho cac van de chila tri nhu trong treeing hop nhom digu tri. Cling hie do, cac thanh vien lam viec vdi nhau de cai thien va tang curing cuec sting cua ho. Khai niem vg nhung nehim nay dtla mot phan tren hinh eita Maslow (1971) ve' tv thtic day minh. Trong m6 hinh nay, ca nhan tim each phat trie'n them sau khi da cam they thoai mai ye the nhu cau sinh li, an town, tinh cam va stfi tet tin. Trong met nhom phat trign, so ne ltic cua mOi thanh vien tkt fink day dttOc khuygn khich thong qua giao tiep. Thong qua giao tigp vdi nhau, cac thanh vita di the ma rong hanh vi cua ho. 4. Nhom digu tri tim each gitip dd cac thanh vien giai guy& van dg ea nhan, (lei mat vdi nhfing su chuyen dich va bi kith cua cuQc ddi, va lam viac thong qua car yen de" tam li hoc. Trong nhom digit tri, cac \Ten dg có the la tudng to (nhu met nhom nhiing nguoi bi tram cam) hay- khac nhau (nhu met nhom cac benh nhan tam than not trti) phu thuec vao cac ca nhan trong nh6m. N6i chung, cac thanh vien se lam viec doe l5p vdi muc tieu riling cUa ho ILA hop tae trong mug tieu cua. nhom. Nhan vien CTXH chtOc coi la met chuyen gia c6 the tro gin() khAch hang giai quye't cac ven de ctia ho. Thong thudng, nhan vien CTXH se lam viee vdi men ca nhan thy lac va tham gia vdi nguee khac khi ho cling di theo. Da co nhigu thao 1u4n vg phudng phap chon cac thanh vien cho nhom di6u tri. Yalom (1995) de ra rang de mot nh6m cO hieu qua, cac thanh vien nen 06 sift manh ban nga bang nhau khi lam viec vdi nhau trong cling met mei truang tinh cam. Sec manh ban nga a day cei nghla Ia khi nang dtta ra li le, Mk ngtidi khac, duy tri dude met mite de to nhan thee va ttt chi. Vi Ti do nay va nhUng li do khac, met nhan vien CTXH thttang kheng phOng van lei danh gia met nhOm truck khi lam viec vdi nhOm. 5. NIMm giao tigp xa hoi gill() do nhung thanh vien "hoc cac ki nang xa hfii va cac Meth vi dude xa hei chap nhan de ho co the thOc hien chic nang hieu qua trong cling dOng" (Toseland va Rivas, 2001, trg 27). Nhieu hoat deng trong cac nhom giao tier) xa hei a With dung bei tap thtic hanh hay cac tro chdi. Chang han trO chdi dong vai cho phep cac thanh vien trong nhOm )(a hei thue tap ki nang mdi vdi cac thanh vien khac trade khi thit trong the gidi thoc. Vi du ve nit giao deep xa 1161 la nh6m giai tri trong met can lac b& nam hay nit. Thong qua cac hout ding, nhiing thanh nien 293
Page 1 and 2:
DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299 and 300: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 301 and 302: chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
Page 303 and 304: nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309 and 310: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
Page 317 and 318: • Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
Page 319 and 320: Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
Page 321 and 322: Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
Page 323 and 324: dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
Page 325 and 326: va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
Page 327 and 328: Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
Page 329 and 330: Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
Page 331 and 332: Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
Page 333 and 334: Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
Page 335 and 336: Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
Page 337 and 338: clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
Page 339 and 340: Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
Page 403 and 404:
103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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