BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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doi hai nab lam cong the XH hieu diiOc rangy Wang, ki nang va cac budc danh gia deu xuat phat to nhting Si Wang da (Woe dp dung va phat trien trong nhieu nam. Met y'eu t6 khac trong qua trinh danh gia lA ski cong tac chat the lab khach hang trong viec phat trien muc float va cac philong tien de dat diNc cac muc tieu do. Can chi% ST rang cac muc Lieu nay phai xuat phat W qua trinh danh gia va di the thay del trong suet qua trinh can thiep. Chinh vi vay qua trinh danh gia can ditOc xem xet nhu met qua trinh lien tqc. Neu trong qua trinh can thiep ma khach hang dat &toe met s6 thanh cong, co the LI ban than ho se nhan they can phai dat ra nhung muc tieu cao hon. Ba nhiam vu chu ch6t caa qua trinh danh gia Thiel lap quan 14 vol khach hang Co the nhin they rat Hi rang rang a bat ki cap doo nao kha nang thigt lap met mSi quan he th4c su chan thanh vdi khach hang luen la dal hal thiet yeti d6i vdi nguei lam cong tae XH. Trong qua trinh danh gia tinh huang, viec tao dude mSi quan he gan gai vdi khach hang gill vai tre dac biet quan trong. Ngnai lam cang the XH can gitip khach hang ciaa minh tin Wang rang minh dang tInic ski quan tam den he va luen c6 gang a hik chicle cam inic, hanh vi cang nhti tri giac aim ho. Thuc to da cho they de thiet lap met m6i quan he gan gui vdi khach hang khong phai den gian va de dang. Vi du &Ma day cho they rang ngued lam cong the XH can biet kien nhan va. Mon san sang a m6i quail he khhch hang - ngitai lam cong the XH phat tries theo htiOng thuan Ili cho khach hang caa minh. Vi du: Gerik, mat hoc sinh 16 tuai, dupe gidi thieu udi Jauon, !theta vien CTX11 vi trong that gian gat?. day Gerik da dcinh Ian udi bon, gap rtic rot trilling oa cau be nay da titng bi cdnh sat bat gill va tat phd hocti cac cong trinh van haa. Gerik den gap Javan theo yeu cdu caa cdnh sat. Javan del red thPn trong de' Gerik tie sap '4 lich cho cuac gap dein tien mi dawn can di cho cOu be nay to not ra cam xac caa minh. Sau do Javan vein to ra Wit thodi mdi ua de nghi gap lei Gerik mat dip khcic detrao del mat ccich cat and va ratting kha khan cact eau. Tuy nhien khi Gerik cam nhan duck rang dawn dang thpc sit tang nghe can to yet loon san long lam viec vai cOu udi 57
mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma thi eau be nay tha''y sd heii. tv bcio ue minh eau nhely len yei het to: "Chou khong can bit ki mat sit gitip dO new ed'. Co ye nhu Gerik ngcti at mat mai quan he than mat, grin gui. Javon win td ra reit binh tinh. Anh noi udi Gerik rang anh son sang lam yiec odi tau yet anh se danh mat tieng nizSi tucin trong yang vai thcing cho Mee do. Lai mat Mn nita Gerik nth cciu eau di ra khOi pheng thing sap cera Hai tuan sau, Javon goi Bien cho Gerik noi la anh min danh quy thiti gian not &en cho eau ya anh hi (tong eau se din. That ra Javon ding khong eh& lieu Gerik co din hay khong trong cuac hen tiep do, tuy nhien eau be dci deh. Sau vat phut xa giao, Gerik dd the to yol Javon rang khong mat ai quan tarn den eau nhu quan tam din mat ngttdi binh thuMtg vet eau khong biit pheti eu xet nhu thinao udi mot ai do to ra quan tam den eau. Javon nghi eau be gitip der anh trong quci trinh ddnh girt tinh hiang ei a tau de anh co the hieiz rd nhiing eau dang phai trdi qua. Gerik kicho Javon nhieng cuac ccii co Poi bit me ke" qua deing ceza minh, nhling beit binh d trithrtg vo daring n110 0 dilu, moi ngttrli cling quay lung lai vai eau. Chun hit, cank sat dirt phuong ltic new cang cho rang ho se tom dude real Bang phom tai gi Javon der" thank tong trong Mee thiei lap mat mei quan he pin gui yeti Gerik vci co the citng cau bE tiers hank mat cuac ddnh girt tinh huong co nghia, dung thai du'a ra dude mat so mae tieu thu .c revel re' rang. Cac mo hinh danh gia tinh hu6ng MB hinh phat huy nOi lye Lea ngoai Khi Ai) dung m6 hinh nei luc va ngoai nhang ngUai lam cling Lac XH co' the dtta vao nhien Cd eV li luan khac nhau. M6 hinh nay (Hinh 2.1) cho tlay viec tap trung vac, qua trinh tUdng tac gala con nglibi va hohn canh song cua ho dOng vai tro reit quan trong. M6 hinh nay gitip phat hien ra rang cac yen to not lvc va ngoai Mc la met rap hop cac sV kien tam li hoc va cac sli kien XH. M6 hinh nay con dua ra mat s6- co can (organizational structure) danh gia tinh Mang. Farley, 0. W., Smith, L. L.. & Boyle, S. W. (2003). Introduction to social work (9th ed.) Boston: Allyb and Bacon. 58
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
Page 5 and 6: 6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
Page 7 and 8: 8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
Page 9 and 10: Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
Page 11 and 12: Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
Page 13 and 14: loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
Page 15 and 16: 5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
Page 17 and 18: clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
Page 19 and 20: Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
Page 21 and 22: 8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
Page 23 and 24: 1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
Page 25 and 26: 9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
Page 27 and 28: cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
Page 29 and 30: Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
Page 31 and 32: • Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
Page 33 and 34: 3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
Page 35 and 36: Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
Page 37 and 38: thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
Page 39 and 40: Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
Page 41 and 42: Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
Page 43 and 44: Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
Page 45 and 46: Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
Page 47 and 48: Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
Page 49 and 50: 4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
Page 51 and 52: Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
Page 53 and 54: 17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
Page 55: + Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
Page 59 and 60: Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
Page 61 and 62: NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
Page 63 and 64: 64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
Page 65 and 66: • de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
Page 67 and 68: mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
Page 69 and 70: • Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
Page 71 and 72: • Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
Page 73 and 74: M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
Page 75 and 76: lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
Page 77 and 78: 6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
Page 79 and 80: True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
Page 81 and 82: • Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
Page 83 and 84: throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
Page 85 and 86: nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
Page 87 and 88: TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
Page 89 and 90: nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
Page 91 and 92: tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
Page 93 and 94: 6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
Page 95 and 96: cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
Page 97 and 98: them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
Page 99 and 100: 3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
Page 101 and 102: 3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
Page 103 and 104: Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
Page 105 and 106: qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
Page 403 and 404:
103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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