BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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vien ca nhAn trong gia dinh co the la met phan dm met vai he thong nh6 nha dinh. He thgng nhO la met phan thong thuang cua dai song gia dinh, va chi khi cac lien minh hi pha thi mai can phai suy nghi lai ye thong. Chang han, met he thgng nh6 khong lAnh manh nay sinh khi met nal/6i cha hoac me va met dita con vao phe vai nhau khong cho ngtiai cha/me kia vao. Nguai cha/me do da hinh thAnh met he tligng nha (long vai ngttai cha/me kia. Cac vai tro Cac vai tre la nhung me hinh hanh vi dude thktc hien bai met thanh vien gia dinh theo met nh6m cac mong main da duck dinh san. Met thanh vien gia dinh co the clang nhieu vai tre (nhung khOng giai han), vi du cha/me, con, ngtiai kigm sang cho gia dinh, ngttai lai xe. Nhung vai trO ma met thAnh vien co dude co the ngan can hoac tre glut) cho ca nhan do trong gia dinh theo mite do, vai Era hanh vi. Chang han, vai tre nguai cha (Woe gan cho la nguai kigm song, tuy nhien, neu nguai cha ma vies va tra nen phu thuec vao vi, anh co the cam tha'y minh ye gia tri vi anh da khong thkic hien dude vai tro nhtt duct mong Cac quy tic Cac quy tat hoat dung cUa he thgng duct lam nen tit cac me hinh tinh each trong he thOng l . Cac quy tAc phan anh gia tri ena he thgng cling nInt giai thich cho nhung hanh vi dude mong ddi a mai ngitai trong gia dinh. Trong met he gia dinh, c6 ea nhiing quy tAc cong khai vA quy tat khOng acing khai. Quy tat ding khai la nhung quy tdc rd rang, dude ding nhan va thao luan tong khai. Chang han, met gia dinh co nhung quy tat cong khai vg gia gidi nghiem, yeu eau xin phep neal can ra ngoai, phai thao Wan khi mua bat ki man d6 nao tren 3.000.000 clang, thai gian c6 dinh cho cac bUa an. Cac nguyen tat khong cong khai khong duct not ra nhung mei thanh vien gia dinh deu bigt. Chang han, khi ngitai Ian hi vong met dita tre dude tat ca cac diem 8 tra len hay phai dgn an t6i tai nha Ong ba mei Chia nhat, nhung khong not true tigp ra thi do la cac quy tat khong cong khai. Cac quy tat gia dinh khOng cong khai co the kho nhan ra ngu nmiai a ngoai nhin vao gia dinh. 246 Becver va Becvar, 2003. trg. 69
Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh doe nhat bat dau phat trien trong tri lieu gia dinh khi cac nha If thuyet hat dau kiem tra nhung y Wang rieng cna ho va thuc hanh hieu biet ve inning khai niem khai (mat ve he thong. Met s6 nhiing mo hinh thtiOng thay hdn bao gem tri lieu gia dinh theo cd eau, tri lieu theo kinh nghiem, tri lieu theo chitin hipc, tri lieu theo nhan thiic-hanh vi, tri lieu theo gia dinh theo phan tam hoc va cac tri lieu hau hien dai. Phan tiep theo dem lai met tong quan vg cac mo hinh khac nhau va phiaing pita() cac mo hinh nay tee &Ong den thkic hanh tri lieu gia dinh. Tri lieu gia dinh Bowenia Tri lieu gia dinh Bowenia do Murray Bowen phat trien trong thap nien 1950. La met nha tam than hoc a Vien Nghien eau Sac khoe tam than Queic gia My, Bowen da clan dau met du an danh gia tri lieu gia dinh dat met benh vien vOi cac thanh vien gia dinh bi tam than phan each. V6i Bowen, tam quan trong cua gia dinh khong diem chit khi met ngitai ]on Ion va roi gia dinh; cac mei quan he gia dinh tier) tuc c6 y nghia Mating ke hoan canh gia dinh nhti the nao. Ve If thuyet, Bowen tin rang "gia dinh la met mang hJdi cac m6i quan he da the he, hinh thanh ski anh htieing fan nhau vg ca nhan va cling su dung eau khai niem long vao nhau (Bowen, 1966): ski khac biet hoa vg ban than, tam gia.c, qua trinh tinh cam gia dinh hat nhan, qua trinh phemg chieu gia dinh, qua trinh truygn da the he, va vi trf anh chi em flier (Nichols va Schwartz, 2004, trg. 121). Diem meu eh& cua if thuyet caa. Bowen la ski khac biet hoa ban than. Khai niem nay not den kha nang cfla ca nhan giai thoht khOi nhang van de cei nguem gia dinh, cO the tti guy& va thkic hien chic tot nang trong cac mei quan he gia dinh hien tai. Thong qua cac mgi quan he via su thkic hien chic nang ca nhan hien tai, gia dinh c6 the vudt qua cac van de ve the N• va ding phan d'Au vi quygn to quygt cila m6i ca nhan. 50 d6 the he (the Men trong phan eau caa chtidng) la mot ding cu thitang dude si't dung trong vice tim hieu lien quan den li thuyet nay va nhang If thuyet khac. Tri lieu gia dinh theo cgu true Thong tri lieu gia dinh, Lieu diem la he thong gia dinh (he theng nhO, cac ranh gi6i, cac tang lop va cac vai tro) va pinicing phap ceu true tae deng teti d6ng lift gia dinh. Salvador Minuchin thtiong lien he tai ii thuyet nay. 247
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
Page 193 and 194: clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
Page 195 and 196: hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
Page 197 and 198: 1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
Page 199 and 200: 1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
Page 201 and 202: Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
Page 203 and 204: 3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
Page 205 and 206: giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
Page 207 and 208: "dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
Page 209 and 210: Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
Page 211 and 212: cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
Page 213 and 214: Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
Page 215 and 216: 7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
Page 217 and 218: each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
Page 223 and 224: cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
Page 231 and 232: met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
Page 233 and 234: song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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