BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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Ch wing 7 TANG <strong>CONG</strong> VIEC THIIC HIEN CHOC NANG CUA GIA DiNH Steven, 13 tudi, dztac me duo den trung tam to vein gia dinh. Trude day la mat sink vien gidi, gi t day Steven dang bi didm tritat vet tit chat di hoc. Me cga Steven, chi Levett, da li than vdi cha em sau thcing, dang ve cling tuyet vong. Nhitng Me khan cua Steven bat dein each day khoeing mat newt. Theo lai me em me td thi do la mat "viec bat nget", khi Steven mang ve nha todn didm kern vet bi duel hoc vi ddnh nhau. Mety thcing sau do moi th0 con to hem vat Steven bi duai hoc them hai lan niia. Chi Levett nal rang hanh vi cua Steven mat phdn nguyen nhan dein den su li than gilla chi vet thong chi. Thue hanh trong gia dinh luon la met phgn cua CTXH. Bat datt vdi cac Co chic cung cap nha a tinh thttong vat to chdc tit thien, cac nhan vien CTXH a My- trong ea hai linh vkic nay da lam vice vdi co. nhan thong qua gia dinh cua ho. Cite nha tinh attiring bat &au lap ra t8 nit' a cal nhiing narn 1800 vat ket hop gia dinh thanh mOt nen tang a tao ra the thay trong cling d8ng vat xa hei. Nha a tinh thttong gitip cac gia dinh (tIntang la the gia dinh clan nhap cu) xich lai gAn nhau trong met khu vue de enng dau tranh cho nhung thay dpi trong dieu khen xa hOih. Ngoai ra day con la cac trung tam ndi the ea nhan vat gia dinh cal the chia se nen tang van hoa vdi nhau vat hoc nhling ki nang men de cung hoa nhap vat xa hOi my. Cac nhan vien CTXH a cac nha a tinh finking giAi guy& nhung kho khan do cac dieu kien xa hei tao ra trong quy me gia dinh ma mot ea nhan khong the kiem soat &loc. Mat khae, cac t6 chic xa hO'i do nhung ngubi lam vice thien thanh lap de cung cSp tai trd vat dich vu cho nhang gia dinh con gap nhigu kh6 khan. Reverend Gurteen, mat Etna Wang cua Episcopaly da thanh lap hiep hei tit thien dau tier' nam 1877 a Mg. Tien quyen &toe tit the ea nhan vat t6 chitc tit thien dude trao cho the gia dinh ding vdi su to van a the ea nhan Nt gia dinh to lo lay cuOc song cua minh. Viet to van nay dtla tren nigm tin rang cac ca nhan can phai e6 tranh nhiem vg hoen cant' cua chinh minh', Popple. P., & Leighninge L. (2002). Social work, social welfare, and American society. Boston: Ally and Bacon. 242
Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float dog cua Hiep hot Dich vu Gia dinh (Family Service Association — FSA). Hiep hei nay hat dau hoat dang nath 1911 va tap trung vao viec giai guy& cac truth-1g hap vg gia dinh va tre em. Mary Richmond, met nguoi tien phong vg xu li trtiong hdp va la thAnh vien maa phong trao to chite to thien, da dau tranh da mang lai sg can thiep CTXH cho cac gia dinh trong thai ki khdi dau. Khi xa hoi bat dau httOng dgn cuec song tot dep hdn cho cac ca nhan, nhung to chic phtic ldi do chinh phu ling ho bat dau no re khap nude My. Chc nhan vien CTXH la nhung nguai có chuyen man chinh lien quan den phtic ldi danh cho tre em, va tang viec cua ho lien quan true tip tdi pink ldi cua tre em va gia dinh. Cac chuung trinh dau lien nay trong &Ong tat xa hei gia dinh da trai ra nhigu linh vuc khac, du do la cong tat vdi cac tre em dang digu tri nam vien, vdi cac cu gia trong trai &tang Tao, hay vat cac cd quan bao ye tre em. Nhan vien CTXH phai danh nhigu thei gian de tap trung Arno van de gia dinh. Muc dich c6a chudng nay la cung cap met cal nhin t6ng quan vg thgc hanh CTXH trong gia dinh va nhung khai niem tat Ong den pinicing phap thge hien tang tac gia dinh. Tri lieu gia dinh Trong nhung thap nien 1940 va 1950, tri lieu gia dinh tra thanh met loci can thiep tri lion chinh. Nhung nha 11 thuygt hoc not danh tren khap nude My (tit cac linh vuc khac nhau bao g6m tam than hoc, tam li hoc va nhan vien CTXH) bat dau 'lei den gia dinh nhu mot phttOng tien giai quygt cac van dg tam li cho cd nhan. Khi Bowen va Minuchin, d be bin Bang, dang phat trie'n phudng phap tigp can rieng cua ho de tri lieu cho gia dinh, thi met s6ngtini khac (Bateson, Haley, Satir) ding dang lam ding ding viec do a ha bien Tay. Trong lieu phap gia dinh, li thuyet gia dinh chigm met vai Ire quan trong. Li thuygt nay cho rang vi ca nhan hoat ding truck hgt trong met he thgng gia dinh, ban than mgi gia dinh co the la met khach hang cho qua trinh can thiep CTXH. Li thuygt nay mac nhien chkp nhan cite van eig ea nhan khong hinh thanh ti than khong ma midt phat tit mei quan ho vat cac van de khac vein la met phen dm met he thgng Ion hal (gia dinh) va chRc nang cua no. Cac khai niem khai guat ve can he thdng Tu viec xem gia dinh la met phan cua he thgng len, met so khai niem khac bat dau xuat hien trong tri lieu gia dinh dga trail li thuygt khai quat 243
Page 1 and 2:
DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
Page 189 and 190: Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
Page 191 and 192: Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
Page 193 and 194: clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
Page 195 and 196: hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
Page 197 and 198: 1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
Page 199 and 200: 1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
Page 201 and 202: Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
Page 203 and 204: 3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
Page 205 and 206: giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
Page 207 and 208: "dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
Page 209 and 210: Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
Page 211 and 212: cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
Page 213 and 214: Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
Page 215 and 216: 7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
Page 217 and 218: each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
Page 223 and 224: cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
Page 231 and 232: met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
Page 233 and 234: song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
Page 407:
Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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