BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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Oat doan thuang thAy caa qua trinh phat tridn. Viec hieu duos cac giai doan nay ding dem lai cho nhan vien CTXH co hei de xu if cac van de theo quan diem tam If hoc phat tridn. Viec thvc hiOn chat nang xa Min cua gia dinh Danh gia viec thuc hien chitc nang cua gia dinh la met Wan quan trong trong qua trinh danh gia. Viec thkic hien cac chic nang cua gia dinh keo theo nhik yeti t6 khac nhau, bao g6m "giao tiep v6i nhau, giai guy& van de, niem tin, ski deng minh, va ski h6 tre." 1. Chung ta nhAn manh den tam quan trong cua viec danh gia giao tik a phgn khac cna quyk sach nay. Tuy nhien trong Wan nay, cluing ta se tham do nhung thOng tin thu hick duoc qua buei tham van dgu tion. Giao tigp can clitue danh Oh Ca tren philcing dien lai not va phi lai. Nguai tham yin can hieu ca khia canh "giao tik ngoai nen" a tit ca cac cuoc giao tik trong not be gia dinh. Giao tik ngoai nem (Metacommunication) la met thuat ngii co nghia la "met thong diep ve met thong diep, dien hinh bang cac hinh fink phi lai (met nu ctiOt met cai nlatin vai, mot cai gat dau, met cat nhay mat), dude duo ra dong thai \raj thong diep bang lai, co call, danh gifi, them nghia cho thong diep Day la mot phtiong phap danh giA de xdc dinh lieu cac thanh vien gia dinh có Lang nghe nhung gi dang dude truygn dat hay' dinh cua lei not do la gi khong. Giao tigp tat dOi hoi phai th6ng nha't giva thong diep bang nen to va phi nein tit Cac thanh vien co not ve met dieu gi do khi thing lai nhu khi ho dung cu chi thai de khOng? Cac t8 vking va each thd hien cim ho c6 dal lap nhau hay khong? Co Ian lOn v6i cac thanh vien khac Gee yeu t6 d6' quan sat vg giao tigp trong gia dinh bao g6m: 1. Ai dang not chuyen v6i ai? 2. Nhiiing thong diep phi lot nao dang dtiec duo ra ye cac thanh vien gia dinh? 3. CO ski ngat tai trong giao ti6p hay khong? Ai ngat lai va tai sao? 4. Cai gi kh6ng &Mc ban bac trong cuec giao tik? 5. Cac thanh vien trong gia dinh giao tik nhu the nao vOi nhan vien CTXH? Thomlison, B. (2002). Family assessment handbook. Practice Grove. CA: Brooks/Cole. Goldenberg. 1., & Goldberg, H. (1991). Family therapy (3 11 .). Pacific Grove, CA: brooks/Cole. 266
Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the la hitu ich khi thu Itidm the thong tin ye ki nang giai guy& yin de ena gia dinh. Khong chi ban muen Met dude each gia dinh da n(5' lye giai quygt van de hien tai ma ban con co the thu thap dude thOng tin ye each ho da giai quygt cac van de khac. 1. Ho co t6 ra la bleu dude qua trinh giai quyet von de khong? 2. Cach giai quy& van de da co tae dung the nao tnide day trong gia dinh? 3. (lac yeti t6 c6 khEi nang ngan can giai quyet van de vao thin diem nay la gi? 4. Ho da nb ltic giai guy& van de the nao? Viec hieu dude mti hinh niem tin ena mot gia dinh la rat quan trong vdi tong vice cua ngudi can be. Me birth niem tin phat triers met "me hinh lam vies ben trong"' chi dan cho ca gia dinh va m8i ca nhan trong gia dinh. N6 lap ra khuon kh6 trong d6 gia dinh co the thus hien ehtie nang. Chang ban, met gia dinh NS the hoat deng tren niem tin rang tre em nen de nhin ngam chit khong dude n6i. Vi v'ay, trong ode Mt& to van, the dim con se khong ndi gi, hoac nett chting co cat tieng, chting se nhan met tai chau may. Trong met gia dinh khac, boat deng cita cac thanh vien nen tap trung vac) gia dinh chit khong dude tap trung vao the gidi ben ngthi. Dieu nay co the chi ra rang gia dinh da Wide bao hoc va khong the chi} phep sit can thiep td ben ngoai, va no gay Idle khan cho the deng dau lien oua nhan vien CTXH Nhfing niem tin nay dude gan chat vdi nhang nguyen tae va nMing le nghi cho the thanh vien gia dinh. Chang han, m6i chit nhat ca gia dinh se den An trua a nha ba, toan be gia dinh se hieu dude tam quan trong cUa gia dinh lOn va khong dude chgp nhan nett khong tham gia. Rat nhigu m(5 hinh ben trong la nhiing Ica qua true tiep tha cac mo hinh gia dinh g6c. Nhfing ngudi thong va vd mang mo hinh ben trong vao hen nhan, me hinh nay se dude chgp nhan va hod nha, p vao he thong niem tin Men tai cfm ngudi ban ddi hoac se bi dei Igy cac he thong niem tin mai ma cap vd eh6ng to phat trien. Kheng có met he thgng niem tin ben trong nao la thing, duy nhAt (Vosler, 1996). Vi vay, cac mo hinh dude mang vao cac bu6i to van cua gia dinh can phai dude hi6u trong bei eanh va nen tang van hod cua gia dinh. Vosler. N. (1996) New approaches to family practice. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage. 267
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
Page 213 and 214: Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
Page 215 and 216: 7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
Page 217 and 218: each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
Page 223 and 224: cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
Page 231 and 232: met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
Page 233 and 234: song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299 and 300: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 301 and 302: chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
Page 303 and 304: nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309 and 310: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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