BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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Nang hie van hoa, theo Lum (1999) la "mot boat the kign thfic va ki nang ma nhan vien CTXH phai phat then de dat dude hieu qua khi lam vies vdi cac khach hang' (trg. 3). Lum (1999) va Fong va Furuco (2001, trg. 6) da the dinh ben thanh phan cua tkie hanh nang ]pc van hoa, bao gem nhan biet van hoa, tiep thu kien thite, phat tries ki nang va hoc tap quy nap. Nhan biet van hoe doi hbi cac nhan vier' CTXH hieu va xac dinh dude the gia tri van hoa coy nghia caa khach hang. Thu nhan kign thlte la vies nguai can be nhan ra gia tri van Ma tha khach hang la the manh dude biet den trong qua trinh gitip da. Phat trien ki nang la kha nang thich nghi vdi the gia tri doe dao tha khach hang. CIA ding vies hoc tap quy nap IA sty can thigt cua ngUai nhan vien CTXH tiep tuc tim cac nguen lue, can thiep va dich vu thich hdp vai cac gia tri tha khach hang. Dillard' da de xuaTt fang the nhan vien CTXH phai hien cac diem eau day ye to vein giao tier) van hoa: 1.Giao tiep phi nem t8 chiem met ti le Ian trong giao tiep vdi cac khach hang, no da clang ve nghia van Ma hdn la giao tiep bang lai. 2. Tiep xae bAng anh mat la tet trong hau het cac nen van hoa nhung khong phai tat ca. 3. Cac eau hOi ma va thing den et; the sU dung dude a hau het cac nen van hoa. 4. Viec phan anh cam xile la ea hieu qua, nhung a' met s6 nen van hoa ee cam thy khong thoai mai vdi nhung ki thuat nay. 5. Phan Ion the nen van hoe khong en van de gi vdi viee thuat lai lai 6. Viec to the hien ban than phai dude sii dung vdi nhung ngtiai a cac nen van hoa khac nhau. 7. Cae khach hang tit the nen van hoa nghi mot nhan vien CTXH thang than se la ngtiai giup do, dua ra lai giai nghia va lai khuyen. 8. Su tOm tat throng xuyen la pha hdp vdi hau het, neu khong phai la ta:t ca the nen van hoa. 9. Su dei &au co the la met cong cu phi). hdp trong nhieu tinh hugng, nhung met so nhom clan toe se hieu nham ki thuat nay la met bAng ehling cua dinh kien. 270 Dillard. J. (1983). Multicultural counseing. Chicago: Nelson/Hall.
10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong tinh than thue va cdi ma. Mac dau mai diem tren la quan trong, dieu quan trong nhat la kha nang cua ban trong "thcic hash nang la van hoa." Gia dinh coa nhdng ngudi tinh dyc d6ng gidi Mae dau nhigu nha tri lieu gia dinh (la to van cho nhung gia dinh cua ngudi ddng gidi nam va nu gi6ng nhu each ho digu tri cho the gia dinh biet gidi, song eó met se' sit khac Met can phi chicle xem xet. TIM nhat, tinh due Bong gidi la met 161 song khac biet. Vi bi coi thiiang trong xa hei nhung ngudi biet gidi, nhigu gia dinh tinh due dOng gidi thay ho khOng c6 cac ngan hie ma nhCing ngudi biet gidi c6 dude. Cho tdi nay, hau het moi chinh phu van cha cho phep nhitng cap ding gidi nam va a cai nhau, trii met vai truang help ngoai le. Vi vay nhfing cap &Mg gidi thang trai qua met st.i mat dac quy-gn so vdi nhUng ngudi biet gidi do sit khac biet cua ho'. Demo va deng nghiep 2 tom tat nghien eau gan day cho thy kat qua so sanh gitita cac cap clang gidi nam va nu voi nhung ngudi tinh dye biet gidi. Ho ket luan cac cap tinh due do'ng gidi c6: • Cung mong mu6n cd moi quan he dei lua dad Lau, Chung thug. • Cung cac mite do cam xue bi thu but bai ban tinh, sit thoa man voi moi quan he va it gay dei va hdn khi the van de nghiem trong Oat sinh. • Cimg mite danh gia vg quan he quan Binh, mac dau nhung quan he nay nee nhau d m6i nghien citu va kang ap dung phan cong lao dog yuchOng, truygn thdng de danh ch'g cho su sap xep linh hoat va Chia se viec nha, chi phi trong gia dinh, va vai fro dm moi ngudi trong gia dinh. Cac cap ding gidi nu chic se binh Bang hdn the cap thing gidi nam ve' lao &Ong trong gia dinh. • Chc mite dO va the loai ttifing to trong mau thuAn (VD: vg tai chinh, tinh cam va tinh due...) nhung vdi nhitng kigu dac trung lien quan den gidi tinh (sat nha, p vdi deng gidi nu, tranh cal vdi ding gidi am), cac khuynh hang tinh due (the hien vdi the thanh vien gia dinh) va dan toe (mau than nghiem trong khi cog moi quan he vdi gia dinh ion la chat the). Brooks/Cole Barret. B.. & Logan. C. (2002). Counseling gay men and lesbians. Pacific Grove. CA: 2 Demo. D. H. Allen. K. R.. & Fine. M. A. (2000). Handbook of family diversity. New York: Oxford. 271
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DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
Page 217 and 218: each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
Page 219 and 220: 3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
Page 221 and 222: Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
Page 223 and 224: cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
Page 225 and 226: Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
Page 227 and 228: Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
Page 229 and 230: 3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
Page 231 and 232: met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
Page 233 and 234: song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
Page 235 and 236: cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
Page 237 and 238: Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
Page 239 and 240: 4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
Page 241 and 242: Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
Page 243 and 244: Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
Page 245 and 246: Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
Page 247 and 248: nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
Page 249 and 250: Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
Page 251 and 252: phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
Page 253 and 254: ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
Page 255 and 256: trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
Page 257 and 258: dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299 and 300: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 301 and 302: chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
Page 303 and 304: nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309 and 310: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 311 and 312: (3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
Page 317 and 318: • Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
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Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
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Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
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Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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