BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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vg can tinh hugng song caa ho. Li thuyet nay e6 ich cho \dee hieu li do tai sao hai nguoi nao do có tong met tinh hugng nhu nhau, vi du nhit dang rang nghe xdp caa minh gap Y vg vik tai thien cling viec, lai cat nghia su vi'ec do met each khac nhau. Met ngttai thi cho la su vi'ec do la mot thach that tich cue nh'am gitip ding ty phat tri6n, trong khi clO nguei kia lai hieu cuec trao de;i d6 theo each lieu cue va nham a de doa nhan vien. CO le met trong nhung ang dung thus to nhat caa phuong phap tigp can to duy la trong vies xem xet ehang tram cam. Day la each hik qua trinh bi tram cam met each thus le. Nguoi di6u tri xem xet be ba to duy. flutel dau tien trong b'y ba d6 la qua trinh suy nghi thigu tich cue ma khaeh hang da hoe dude hay "that tries rang ban than ho lien tun chi toan chita nhung digu tieu cue ma thoi. Tha hai, nguoi bi tram cam nghi rang "th6 gidi" dang del xa bat cling vdi minh. Va earl Ming, ngttai tram cam tin rang hoan canh bi dat cua minh se ti6p then khong thd Mang trade dude. Met khia canh khac caa phticing phap danh gia dim tren li thuygt to duy la vice xem xet eac suy nghi caa khach hang a bigt cittOc do e6 phai la "nhung meo m6 to duy" pho bign nao (TO khiing (Beck, 1995). Sau day la danh sach 12 meo mO tu duy dien hinh: • Suy nghi hoac-tat-ea-hoac-chang-sogi (xem xet tat ca moi ehuyen a cac thai cue hoac la cue tgt/ hoar' hao hoac la cue t6i thigu sot tham tg) • The tham hba can su vice (chi doan Wong lai hay nhin nhan Wong lai theo chigu httong 'eau) • Loai tra tat ca nhung gi tich cue (tu nhu rang nhung die& pham chat tot dep/ tieh cue chang co nghia gi ca.) • Lap luan earn tinh (tin vao cai gi do chi bid vi ban "cam thay" la digu do thing trong khi loaf tra thong Ca d6i lap lai digu do) • Gan ten goi cho moi tha (gan ten goi cho ban than hay cho %Mai khan) • Ph6ng dai/ danh gia a mac t61 thieu (tit danh gia ban than, ngttai khan hay tinh hugng - phong dai mot each kheng thuc M nhung digu tieu ale hay danh gig nhung digu tich cue a mac tgi thieu) • Hieu su tee theo kik sang lychrilu trong h6a co lua chyn (chit Y qua nhigu den met chi tie't lieu cue don le, trong khi lig qua Man be bgi canh) 71
• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy nghi caa ngudi khac (tin rang minh bigt dude ngtati khac dang nghi gi ma chang can xem xet nhung kha nang khac) • Khai quat h6a qua mac (ve ra met kgt luan tieu cpc tren Ca tinh hugng hien tai) • Ca nhan hoa (tin rang nhung ngttai khac dang xa ski tieu cue vi ban da not hay lam digu gi do ma kh8ng can xem xet the h do khac nao ca) • Si dung nhigu cau nen/phai (co nigm tin vao vigc moi chuyen phai/nen dien ra nhu thg nao, khi ma cac digu kien kh6ng dude dap ung thi lai doan dinh sai vg mac de tai to caa kat qua) • Co tam nhin nha during ham tai (chi nhin thy digu lieu cue) Phacing Oat) danh gia chia tren li thuygt to duy rat hau ich trong CTXH vi no gulp nhan vien CTXH nhay earn hun trong vige xem xet nhung 16i to duy va nha:t quail trong nhin nhan cac mo hinh to duy co the co a khdch hang cila minh. Viec chi ra duct cac van dg vg to duy cling se ging tim ra eau phoing phap digu tri de co the 118 trO khach hang khi ho hoc each nhin nhan thg gidi khac biet so vdi trade. Phutlng phap danh gia lay d6i twng lam trung tam Khai nigm lieu phap lgy dgi taung lam trung tam do Carl Rogers phat trien da ce met anh haang lon dgn viec digu tri va danh gia trong CTXH. MO hinh nay khang dinh rang con ngtibi co khuynh hiking to hien that hoa kha nang ban chgt cua ho. Rogers khang dinh tip rang ngu bau khang khi giva ngitai digu tri va khach hang co the hien ski taring clang hay sit than thuc, ski quan tam tich tile, sv cam thong, khach hang se co the lit hien thuc hoa cac suy nghi, earn gine, hanh vi cim minh thanh hanh vi mang tinh chat nang hon. Mac du clueing hiking cim hoc thuygt nay thgng nhgt vdi yeu cau cart CTXH, eau ygu to then chgt tronatiCing }along lgy clai Wong lam trung tam mau thuan vdi cac phttOng phap danh gia truygn thong cna nhan vien CTXH. Diem mau thuan chinh la dg xugt ciia Rogers rang khach hang se co kha nang tit danh gia ban than neu co dude mdi quan he digu tri tot. Quan diem nay ham y rang nhan vien CTXH khOng nen hoi, theo khugn mau 72
Page 1 and 2:
DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
Page 19 and 20: Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
Page 21 and 22: 8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
Page 23 and 24: 1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
Page 25 and 26: 9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
Page 27 and 28: cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
Page 29 and 30: Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
Page 31 and 32: • Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
Page 33 and 34: 3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
Page 35 and 36: Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
Page 37 and 38: thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
Page 39 and 40: Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
Page 41 and 42: Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
Page 43 and 44: Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
Page 45 and 46: Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
Page 47 and 48: Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
Page 49 and 50: 4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
Page 51 and 52: Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
Page 53 and 54: 17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
Page 55 and 56: + Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
Page 57 and 58: mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
Page 59 and 60: Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
Page 61 and 62: NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
Page 63 and 64: 64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
Page 65 and 66: • de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
Page 67 and 68: mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
Page 69: • Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
Page 73 and 74: M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
Page 75 and 76: lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
Page 77 and 78: 6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
Page 79 and 80: True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
Page 81 and 82: • Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
Page 83 and 84: throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
Page 85 and 86: nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
Page 87 and 88: TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
Page 89 and 90: nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
Page 91 and 92: tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
Page 93 and 94: 6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
Page 95 and 96: cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
Page 97 and 98: them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
Page 99 and 100: 3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
Page 101 and 102: 3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
Page 103 and 104: Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
Page 105 and 106: qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
Page 107 and 108: nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
Page 109 and 110: can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
Page 111 and 112: Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
Page 113 and 114: Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
Page 115 and 116: chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
Page 117 and 118: Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
Page 119 and 120: cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
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dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
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Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
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Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
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Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
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khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
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10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
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Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
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tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
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Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
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uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
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Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
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nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
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Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
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thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
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Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
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ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
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3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
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• Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
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Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
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Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
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Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
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chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
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nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
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ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
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khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
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viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
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(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp ta
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nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
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Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
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• Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
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Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
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Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
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dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
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va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
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Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
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Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
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Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
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Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
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Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
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clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
Page 339 and 340:
Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
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nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
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can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
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deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
Page 347 and 348:
Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
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thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
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an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
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vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
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giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
Page 357 and 358:
Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
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hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
Page 365 and 366:
HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
Page 405 and 406:
132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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