BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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Met dieu quan trong trong qua trinh nay la khong mat dau vg cac ca nhan cu xu the nao de phan (Mg lai nhau. Cac mei quan he va lOng trung thanh c6 the thay dOi trong suet qua trinh hoat dog ona nh6m, va nhang thay dth nay phai three tim hien de tao digu Men cho nh6m den len. Viec tign hanh nhang tim hieu nay dOi hOi rat nhieu hidu bigt ye ding tae nhom nOi chung. Cash trao deh Arai nhau ena elk ea nhan va tae deng chting clang duet xem xet ki Wang. Tim hieu mei trutng cika nhom: Viec tim hieu mei twang ena nhom la met phan cna viec tim hieu cac ca nhan va nhom. Mei trtiong nhom, hay mei trilang trong do ding the nhom dien ra, dOi hOi su lam viec khOng ngUng a ca nhan vien CTXH va cac thanh vien trong nhOm. Met mei trUang nhom can cho phop thao luan ma trong khi mang lai cho cac thanh vien su an 'Wan. Met mei truing c6 su phe phan va su tiler dick lan nhau thi it c6 kha nang khuygn khfch cac thanh vien tai ma de chia se cam )(tic va suy nghi. Giai doan giao Khi giai doan dau cua CTXH dA hoan thanh, giai doan Oda hay giai doan thije hien bat dau. Hay ghi nho rang khOng phai tat ca ode thanh vien chuyen vao giai doan gifia. Vi rat nhieu 1f do, met s6 nhom e6 the bi tae a giai doan dau tien va khOng bao gia \vet qua phan be mat hoac khOng qua duce cac van de ve quygn ltfic hay kiem soat. Dieu nay khong nhat thigt phan anh vg ki nang ena ngliat can be; no c6 the quy cho nhung nggai mien cueing tham gia vao nhom. Giai (loan gitla cua cong the nhom la khi cac thanh vien thuang dgi dau vii cac kilo khan ena viec giai quygt van dg hay nhiem vu caa ho. Day IA giai doan ena si ti than thien ye khac biet hoa, met thai diem khi hau hgt cac cling vies dude thus hien. Trong giai doan lam viec, nhan vien CTXH can ghp phan thlic ddy nhom thtie hien qua trinh de ho giai quygt true tigp cac mau thuan, x& li cai ma cac van de ca nhan va nhan trash nhigm vg cac van de ena minh, cilia ra cac hm ehon truck khi thanh lap nhom (Hepworth va Ong su, 2002, tr. 537). Brandler va Roman (1999) cho rang giai doan giva c6 ba phan: (1) met thai ki dau lien quan chht the vai nhiing phan khai dau, trong dO cac van de con lai da hien nhien, (2) met giai doan gala trong do' nhom data tranh de tach ra khOi cac van de ban d6u va ti'gn hanh vai cling viec cha nhom, 312
(3) met thai ki cuel trong do sp tack ra khoi cac van de ban dAu bit tac dung va ap gan ket trong nhom dat dude, cho phep that hien moi nhiem vu phat trien cu the cho phan giaa (trg. 42). Thai ki &du cila giai doan gifta: Trong phan dau cua giai doan cac thanh vien thttang quan tam den met s6 cac van de t8 giai doan dau lien nhu "niem tin, tham do, each fief) can, nhung dieu can tranh, lam r6 ve hOp deng" (Brandler va Roman, 1999 trg. 42). Nhang boat deng nay bat &Au thay den tif than trong va do dki den cac dei mat va nSi ket nhieu hon. Cac ca nhan bat dau tra nen thoai mai vdi nhau va cam thay to nhien hon do "ca nhan trao dSl triue fief) va c6 y ngtila vdi nhau, bao ggrn dol mat" (Corey va Ong sti 2004). Cac thanh vien trong nhOm tga nen thoAl mai hon trong viec chia se thong tin ca nhan va doi mat vdi man thuAn. DO la met thai kl khi can be can phai diu clang thtic day cac thanh vien di cling. Viec khich le ho not chuyen va thao luAn vg cac cam nic khien cac thanh vien trd nen than thien vdi nhau hart. Thai ki giita eua giai doan gida: Trong thai ki nay, nhom trd nen (long long hart va sAn tang lam viec vdi nhau vg cac van de rieng W (Brandker & Roman, 1999). Diem tap trung la v6 nhung dieu dang xay ra trong nhom de keit hop vdi nhCing (lieu xay ra trong the gidi thtic. Cac thanh vien trong nhom tien len de hoan thanh va giai quy6t cac van de. Day la thai diem ma su gan ket rat qtian trong cho thanh (ling cua nhom. SV gan ket IA y thdc vg mai quan hg ma cac thanh vien trong nhom co vdi nhau. Khi su gan ket hien huu, cac thanh vien boa minh vao nhom va hoa minh vdi nhau (Shuman, 1999). Cac nhOm gAn ket duy tri cac thanh vien cua minh, hoan thanh nhiem vu, giai quy6t van c16, tuan theo chuan roue nhiett hon va giai quy6t cac kkalc mac giQa the thanh vien theo each an loan va an ninh hon. Su gAn ket la met khia earth tich cue cua nh6m, trong de no chi ra rang su nhap hei tich eye gicta cac thanh vien va kha nang the thanh vien CO the lang nghe nhau. Giai doan nay cua nh6m khich le "met mac de gAn ket cho phdp hai hay ba ca the dOng thai lam viec tren met van de Chung, trong khi phan del viec the thanh vien lan luat lam cac tong viec ca nhan trong b6i canh nhom" (Corey va Ong su, 2004, trg.131). • Trong giai doan nay, cac thanh vien nh6m c6 nhiing cues not chuyen than that va cai ma vdi nhau, ke ca dal data. "Cac mau thuan trong nhom bay gia dude chgp nhan nhu met phan cim qua trinh dea mat va giai quyet 313
Page 1 and 2:
DAI HQC DAN LAP THANG LONG BAI GIAN
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myc Lyc Lèln6i4u 5 Lai moat/ 7 Chu
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6 Chung toi hi vong rang khi cu6n s
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8 nang xac dinh van de caa del Wong
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Khong chii Si rang nghe Nghia la ng
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Giong mai Giong noi nen phii hdp vo
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loan tam li, tang thang, met mOi tr
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5. Mat nhin-tiep xbc qua anh mat, n
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clang tim giai phap cho van de va k
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Clip di;, 2: Ban dang cam thgy that
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8. Met co be 12 tuth bi anh trai qu
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1. Khach hang: Gan day tai cam thgy
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9. Khach hang: Chgng tea co van de
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cang da tang trai qua nhung dieu Wo
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Khi nhan vien CTXH nghe eau chuyen
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• Nen dat cau hOi tap trung vao n
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3. Khach hang: "Anh ta sa vao nhung
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Cau hOi theo trial hoc Socrat "Khon
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thong tin vg met chu diem cu the de
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Cau hai dank gia de khach hang din
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Ban danh gib mOc dO hobn thanh nhil
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Cau tra lei cam thong matt: Ban dan
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Cau tra Itli quan tam tich cite mal
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Can tra ldi quan tam tich ciic ma.u
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4. Benh nhan noi trn nam trong trai
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Citu hal lam sang to van de: Anh ma
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17. MOt ngtieti ta nang thon ra ThU
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+ Van ban xac dinh tinh trang caa k
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mat thcii dO it than thtinh, cat ma
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Ngu6n got chinh xac cua the yeti t6
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NOi Ivo Su thgp kern Su but bOi S2f
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64 1. Can be nay dang d giai doan n
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• de kgt hop sieu ca nhan ma khac
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mei truang 'et/ nhien caa ngtiai do
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• Nhang mang Judi quan he hien Mi
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• Cho rang co the doe &toe suy ng
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M6 hinh danh gia dua hen cac thirn?
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lap chile nang va Huang thanh tgt n
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6.sa dung cach danh gia nham ttm ra
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True III nham the hien bat ki dieu
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• Tim hieu xem lieu co su rgi loa
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throng nhu nghe chang hop 1f lam, n
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nghien eau va thaang xuyen Wide cac
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TOM TAT Chuang nay gidi thieu cho n
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nhien nen nhan vien CTXH the hien d
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tigp tut tra phi tu van có nghia l
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6 có the gap khO khan trong khi gi
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cu6n each mang ten "Nghien ads &fa
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them met se- bueb nth. Bien phap ga
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3. Cac &Mc hAnh deng hoac cac nhiem
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3. Cac ygu t6 ben ngoai có the anh
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Van de ye gia dinh la met van de kh
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qua trinh to van. Vi du muc lieu da
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nguai khde va tap trung vao hAnh vi
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can phai dUcic lam re hdn de co the
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Trong cu .& "Bai tap thuc hanh tong
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Co rat nhigu mo hinh day each giao
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chuyen voi. Vi du trong suet butii
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Cac aging diep "toi" khOng dg 16i,
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cam thgy digu ma ban dai cam thay.
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Cac mue tieu to van can cu thd va r
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dau su danh gin dia ho van mang tin
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thoa man trong hen nhan, Chi s6 Tho
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TOM TAT ChuOng nay tap trung vao qu
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gio-ng nhau. Dieu cot yeu nhal cua
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4. Phan anh dya tren tinh hitting c
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i rei loan se tang rei loan hOn neu
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Kithuat tang curing ban nga Duct tr
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Buac hai caa qua trinh la tao ra ma
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Rimm va Masters (1974) da dua ra me
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ttdc mall de gifi tri bang 10 diem
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ngoi tntec may vi tinh chdi tro chd
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KT thuat sir dung quan he sang tac
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C: nhung ket qua lie cam giac va ha
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can co them kinh nghiem vg thi cit"
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Kith* xe-p hang sythanh thao va tho
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"Li thuyet nen tang cua liOu phap 1
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chicle thigt lap gitta nhan vien CT
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5. Tao ranh glad 6. Tao bat can ban
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de hei one thanh vien gia dinh ye 5
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To bgt can bang (bat toting xting)
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KT thuat ma to yin dg De Jong va Be
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lam viec gi khac biet khOng?" hoac
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khang thgy. Digm math chgt a day la
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h6a khac nhau. Tam yen P6 nay bao g
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Ch uang 5 PHAT TRIEN KT NANG D61 PH
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nghiep dude trubng nay!", thi khach
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Trong dot digu tri ba, khaeh hang v
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Bai tp ta la nguy cd th \lc su vdi
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nhdc dinh to tit. Khach hang c6 ngu
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Theo Lewis uez dthzg szt (2002): "K
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Murphy —"n6u co gi co the sai lam
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dich dieu tri la chi ra rang khach
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Hanh vi higu chign thuang dude boc
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Lange va Jakubowski (1976) thao lua
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Stt kien dinh ve cai tot. Su kien d
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clai eang hadng dan the ma tit nhan
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hai ben cai ma hon vdi nhau, ea hai
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1. Cai thien mtil quan he ciTa ban
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1. Hay danh vai phut de can nhac xe
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Jerry, ... tai ninon anh hit that M
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3. Nhung su kien kinh nien nhung kh
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giai doan the ha nay, su cang thing
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"dgu hieu ctinh bao Om" c6 the dace
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Bich vu tham ven". Nhieu nguai ehon
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cua moi ngudi va nen dude chgp then
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Chuang 6 THVC HANH PHAT HUY NQI LUC
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7. Hay kien nhan vi ski Lisp sac ci
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each not vg nhung (lieu ma ho da di
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3. Phai gig dinh rang ban kh6ng the
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Phai c6 trach nhipm tgi khach hang
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cling -nhu Id nang ma nhan vien CTX
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Trail hanh can thi4p Qua trinh can
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Lu8n phai xem xet m6i quan he this
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3. Hay tan ra nhung Iniac en the de
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met eau chuyen mai bang each suy ng
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song vg nhan each, y thitc, deng ly
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cua phu nu, b6 qua nhung digu nay l
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Phat huy th6 manh cho khach hang la
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4. Chu trong van dac diem rieng bie
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Cong tat vdi cac gia dinh la float
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Cac ranh gidi Cac ranh gioi la nhun
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Cac mii hinh doe nhet Cac mo hinh d
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nha tri lieu c6 the three xem la e6
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Chdng nao nha tri lieu gia dinh cli
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phan lan cua moi tong tae that hAnh
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ean phai tip xuc lan (tau vdi gia d
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trinh bay va chap nhan quan diem ca
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dinh. Viet ghi chu cac he thong con
Page 259 and 260: dinh. Co the la ve met tran cid bon
Page 261 and 262: Viec danh gia cac tinh hudng gia di
Page 263 and 264: Re rang la yang dai ca lne nao do d
Page 265 and 266: Trong qua trinh danh gia , c6 the l
Page 267 and 268: khac &Ong met vai trO quan trong la
Page 269 and 270: 10. Moi nen van hon deu coi trong t
Page 271 and 272: Vi du nhan vien CTXH co the bat dau
Page 273 and 274: tre, met trai, met gai. Cac throng
Page 275 and 276: Cac qua trinh va phdang phap Thuc t
Page 277 and 278: uong ruou ciia minh có anh huang d
Page 279 and 280: Cac can nhac vg van boa la nhiing y
Page 281 and 282: nam va n3, va cac trung tam cong de
Page 283 and 284: Me hinh chila benh nhan manh vao sV
Page 285 and 286: thlic va d6i eau" va "khuyen khich
Page 287 and 288: Sau giai down lam viec met minh, ng
Page 289 and 290: ThUeng thi torn tat nay se dude vig
Page 291 and 292: 3. Nhom phat trien uttoc thigt 1(6
Page 293 and 294: • Lam viec cai ma vai cac nei lo
Page 295 and 296: Met phtiOng phap lam tan bang la ch
Page 297 and 298: Ki thun't giai quygt bat d6ng: Khi
Page 299 and 300: Giai doan au Giai doan dau la thdi
Page 301 and 302: chile c6 the hia chon nhung nguai c
Page 303 and 304: nay e6 the la not quy ve phuong pha
Page 305 and 306: ca nhan trong khi khep lai nhung le
Page 307 and 308: khong tinh nguyen, cac thanh vien t
Page 309: viec ma se de cap den nO trgc tip t
Page 313 and 314: nghe. Nhan vien CTXH cling co the g
Page 315 and 316: Twang hop 8.1 Giai down giCia trong
Page 317 and 318: • Cac thanh vien &No h6 trd trong
Page 319 and 320: Chuang 9 CAN THI1P VAO CAC HE THONG
Page 321 and 322: Cac rao can vat chit Viec phat hien
Page 323 and 324: dieu tri cai nghien, nhang ngtibi m
Page 325 and 326: va de dung gia dinh re (Ping, 2002)
Page 327 and 328: Doi khi quy trinh nay la true tiep,
Page 329 and 330: Thief Igp muc tier hap li Trong qua
Page 331 and 332: Cot trash nhiem chi ra ngudi chin t
Page 333 and 334: Gain, sat va danh gia lal Met budc
Page 335 and 336: Cac nguyen tee ego chic trong twang
Page 337 and 338: clang hanh lang cho met chinh kien.
Page 339 and 340: Met han chg vg dao difc mita lien q
Page 341 and 342: nhat di thuyet phuc? Ca nhan nay se
Page 343 and 344: can tra la mgt vi du. "Tei khOng ca
Page 345 and 346: deng phap H, viec dua ra tong luan)
Page 347 and 348: Hoat dong di kern voi cac hanh deng
Page 349 and 350: thong tin, phan tich du lieu, chia
Page 351 and 352: an giam et& hay nhfing ki nang khac
Page 353 and 354: vu phi hop vdi von de. Can can nhac
Page 355 and 356: giam d6c va van dua ra cac thong ti
Page 357 and 358: Chucrig 10 KIEN THOC VA KT NANG DAN
Page 359 and 360: hoa eke ket qua cho bat cu ca nhan
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qua dOi hOi chting ta phai dap Ung
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Cac thiet ke . AB D6 hieu Wide the
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HiNH 10.2. Vi du vg thigt ke B Cac
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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6 5 4 r 3 2 z 1 0 ,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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nheing ding cu do goi la thang diem
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Dam manh va didm yea coa danh gia b
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(Xing nhu cac phuong phap khae, tha
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chung, nhang nghien cau nay bao gai
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cac xu huOng hoac cac me hinh có t
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Cac thiet k6 nhom throe Ring a ta r
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E ^. 0.) 40 • 35 30 25 • ♦ Ca
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an luyen nhOm da kgt auk. Diem caa
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chuong trinh vol tarn thanh vien. C
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trade va sau, met sg hoac tat ea ca
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Cac bie'n phu thuOc khac nhau: Hai
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Float deng danh gia nen dupe gan bo
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z TOM TAT Chtidng nay dua ra dinh n
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16. Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (1
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46. Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Mo
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74. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory
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103. Preston. J. (1998). Integrativ
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132. Sherman, A. (1973). Behavior m
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Chin trcich nhienz xulit bcin: Giam
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BAI GIANG CONG TAC XA HOI

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