Iņupiatun Eskimo Dictionary - SIL International

adv adverb (a modifier of a verb, another adverb or an adjective, expressing some
relation of manner or quality, place, time, degree, number, cause, opposition,
affirmation, or denial)
abs absolutive case (noun or pronoun in the object position in a transitive sentence,
or in the subject position in an intransitive sentence)
base root for certain words: for personal pronouns, for positional words, and for three ‘pro-
verbs’
conj conjunction (used to connect two parts of a sentence, for example aglaan ‘but’)
dem.adv demonstrative adverb (see Appendix 10)
dem.pron demonstrative pronoun (see Appendix 10)
der.af derivational affix – this is the label for each postbase. It is derivational in that it
derives a new word or expanded meaning; it is an affix in that it attaches to a stem.
disc discourse (a linguistic unit, as a conversation or a story, larger than a sentence);
here: especially marking what result the entry elicits, for example amaàaa ‘right,
isn’t it so?’ which expects a yes/no answer in the conversation.
du/dual dual (two people acting or receiving the action)
encl enclitic, a particle, which is phonologically bound to the preceding host. For
example, -ami ‘I mean’ in Paniàuma-ami ‘I am saying, if I get thin’. The enclitic is
separated by a hyphen in some dictionaries or grammars.
excl exclamation (sometimes referred to as interjection)
gram grammar, here especially marking postbases according to form, i.e. “n-v”
lit literally
loc locative case (location where)
mod modalis case (marks a non-specific object, or an instrument)
n noun
pl/plur plural (three or more people acting or receiving the action)
pos.adv related to positional bases (cf.). These words express location or direction.
pos.base positional bases are a group of nouns, which do not normally appear without a
possessed ending (or special postbase for this kind of base). Despite the fact that
the system of positional bases parallels that of the demonstratives to a large degree,
positional bases are not related in form to the demonstratives.
prefix referring to the only prefix, ta-, which is used for emphasis before demonstratives
pron pronoun, used for personal pronouns, for example iluqata ‘all of us’, as well as
indefinite pronouns, for example, atla ‘another’.
rel relative/ergative case – marks the subject/topic of a transitive sentence
quest question word, for example suvaata? ‘why?’
sg/sing singular (a single person acting or receiving the action)
sim similaris case (comparison, i.e. like …, in the manner of …)
ter terminalis case (location to where, or marking subject of subordinate clause)
vi verb intransitive
via vialis case (location through which, or means by which)
voc vocative (a form to address a person)
vt verb transitive
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