Iņupiatun Eskimo Dictionary - SIL International

Appendix 9
POSITIONAL BASE WORDS
Positional bases are a group of noun bases that refer to areas or directions in reference to their
possessors. Thus base iáu plus the locative singular suffix -ani means ‘the area inside it.’ Please
observe that these base words accept expansion so that the stem changes into an adverb or a verb, and
that the stem also accepts inflection with the post-positional case endings. Thus, these words are of
the expandable-inflective type.
These positional stems express meanings similar to those of the demonstrative stems (see
Appendix 10). However, the two groups of stems are entirely distinct, even though they occur with
the same suffixes. The function of these words is similar to that of prepositions in English.
Meaning Positional Positional LOC, sg TERM, sg ABL, sg VIAL, sg
Stem Adverb: Verb: (-a)ani (-a)anun (-a)aniñ (-a)agun
(t)mun (t)mukaki
area
opposite
akitmun akitmuk- akiani akianun akianiñ akiagun
ani outwards anitmun anitmukaqu-
area behind;
later
aqutmun aqutmuk- aquani aquanun aquaniñ aquagun
ati- area
downward
atmun atmuk- ataani ataanun ataaniñ ataagun
avati- at two sides avatmun avatmuk- avataani avataanun avataaniñ avataagun
iáu- area inside iáutmun iáutmuk- iáuani iáuanun iáuaniñ iáuagun
kaäi- area toward
end
kaäitmun kaäitmuk- kaäiani kaäianun kaäianiñ kaäiagun
kiäu later, after kiäutmun kiäutmuk- kiäuani kiäuanun kiäuaniñ kiäuagun
kilu area toward
the back
kilutmun kilutmuk- kiluani kiluanun kiluaniñ kiluagun
qani area near by qanimun qanitmuk- qaniäani
qanirvaani
qaniäanun qaniäaniñ qaniäagun
quli area upward qunmun qunmuk- qulaani qulaanun qulaaniñ qulaagun
saniq area
sideways
sanitmun sanitmuk- saniàaani saniàaanun saniàaaniñ saniàaagun
siáat area outside siáatmun siáatmuk- siáataani siáataanun siáataaniñ siáataagun
sivuàaq area toward
front
sivuàaani sivuàaanun sivuàaaniñ sivuàaagun
sivu before,
early
sivutmun sivutmuk- sivuani sivuanun sivuaniñ sivuagun
tunu area behind tunutmun tunutmuk- tunuani tunuanun tunuaniñ tunuagun
tuäi area toward tuäimun tuäitmuk- tuäaani tuäaanun tuäaaniñ tuäaagun
uäati- far side uäasitmun uäasitmuk- uäataani uäataanun uäataaniñ uäataagun
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