Iņupiatun Eskimo Dictionary - SIL International

Stem
Demonstr.
Adverb
Demonstr.
Pronoun
Appendix 10
Demonstrative Adverbs and Pronouns
Meaning
uv uvva una here: visible, stationary/specific, near speaker and listener
uv tavra/tara taamna there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker, near listener
mat marra manna around here: visible, moving/extended, in the general area
im imma imña remote: away from speaker and listener, remote in time or space
ug ugga uäna near the door: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker, near listener
sakm sakma sakimna outside the door in the porch: not visible, away from speaker and listener
ik ikka/itcha ikña across there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
ag agga aäna across there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
akm akma akimna across there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
it iñña iñña over there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
av avva amna over there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
am amma amna over there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
pit piñña piñña back there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
pav pavva pamna back there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
pam pamma pamna back there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
kiv kivva kimña in there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
qav qavva qamna in there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
qam qamma qamna in there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
kig kigga kiäña out there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
qag qagga qaäna out there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
qakm qakma qakimna out there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
kan kanna kanna down there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
un unna unna down there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
sam samma samna down there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
pik pikka/pitcha pikña up there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
pag pagga paäna up there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
pakm pakma pakimna up there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
The following charts show all possible forms (derivations) of demonstrative adverbs. Each of the adverbs
above either remains an adverb or changes into an action word (verb) or a word that indicates a direction.
Each form is shown in a postpositional case. These “cases” are the Locative (located in, at), the
Terminalis (moving to, toward), the Ablative (coming from), or the Vialis (through, or by means of).
All stems ending with a -g-, such as ug-, ag-, kig-, qag-, pag-, delete one -u- in the vialis case of the
demonstrative adverb (see next set of charts), to prevent a three-vowel cluster.
The user of this dictionary will benefit from sample sentences below the charts of all demonstratives.
These sentences show how these words are used. This will enable the user to construct new words without
difficulty.
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