— 21 —Professor Henderson, greeted as président by acclamation,delivered the following address:Ladies and Gentlemen:Even before I thank you for the honor and trust you haveshown me would 1 lay a shower of praise on the grave ofmy honored and regretted predecessor, Dr. Barrows. AtBudapest, we hailed his name with acclamation and cheeredhim to a position which he graced by his talents and madesacred by his dévotion.For your gracious suffrage and the marks of your confidenceand sympathy since his mantle of office fell upon myshoulders, accept my sincère thanks.In the capital city of our nation, which bears the nameof our first great statesman, Washington, we bid you ail athousand welcomes.Messengers of justice and wise pity from Orient andOccident, we greet you in the land of our young Republicwhose eastern shore is lapped by the Atlantic waves andfrom whose golden gâte we look on the shores of the Pacifictoward the homes of the most ancient culture. From thecountries of teeming millions, members of might/y empires youcorne, from Asia, bearers of memories of wondrous civilizationand mil of hope for a renaissance.From Africa you corne, pioneers of modem progress inthat vast continent whose future development is beyond thepowers of imagination to depict.From Europe, the home of progress during récent centuries,you corne, bearing the torch of science which Hebrew, Greekand Roman long ago lighted and handed on to our Teutonicforefathers in the North.One mighty and commanding purpose has called us togetherand will inspire ail our counsels. This purpose is, indeed, for thewilful and stubborn foe of social order, a stern and austèredétermination to make the way of the transgressor hard andthorny so that dread fear shall hold the wicked in check andunbending force constrain the lawless. Yet beyond this welook to the evangel of re-education, of reformation, of raising
— 22 —the moral standard of the race where the battle with temptationis hottest and victory over evil the hardest. We do, indeedfirmly résolve to make the way of the transgressor hard, butnot desperate; we désire him to tremble before the majestyof outraged law, but not despair if he is willing to accept thereasonable yoke of honest and useful labor for the common weal.There is no conflict between justice and mercy; for it isnot a wise compassion which permits a vicious man to go onin his own bad way unrestrained. Justice is kind when itdeprives a man of liberty abused and firmly holds him to ahabit which gives him a chance of cultivating desires consistentwith peace, order and gênerai property. In science and inphilanthropy we are of one race and one reason; only byegotism, selfishness and error are we divided.They serve best who discern the principles of conductwhich are wise and safe and wholesome for ail nations tofollow ; who guide us to the serene summits which overlookthe pettyr variations and errors which confuse our vision. AnInternational Congress assumes the unity of reason, while itgenerously and cordially admits necessity of local adaptationsof devices and measures for the application of gênerai principles.They also serve, though not so well, who give sharpoutlines and articulate expression to erroneous demands; forwhere falsehood stands out bold, naked, undisguised, it looksthe hideous monster it really is.Such an ugly falsehood is the assertion that the statehas no moral obligation to its foes, no duty to reform them,or endeavor to do so to the limit of its poAver.It has been said that state justice has but one task: topunish its enemies; that reformation, if this is possible, shouldbe left to philanthropists, sentimentalits, dreamers. This stateof mind ignores certain facts :(1) That the state alone has control of the forces whichinfluence the character of the prisoner; (2) the state alonecan direct his conduct; (3) the state is only another name forthe organ of public duty and will ; it is not moral as machinebut it expresses the morality of the people who create andmaintain its institutions and make its laws.- 23 —The state is responsible for what happens to the prisonerwhile he is under entire control. If it turns him out crippledin body, dwarfed in thought, without skill or industry, filledwith revenge, the philanthropists will have a hard task.And philanthropists are the tax payers, the citizens whomust live with this released prisoner.The history of achievement is at once hopeful and instructive;since it reveals the steady advance of civilizing methods,greater efficiency at diminished cost in dealing with crime,and more thorough mastery of the problem down to its roots.We rejoice in the humanizing influence of Beccaria, gift ofItaly; Montesquieu, of France; John Howard and ElizabethFry of England.But history ceases where our problems begin. Our spiritualancestors have not only bequeathed us fortunes of truth butalso grave questions as an inheritance. We have not come tothe end.(Il The chief instrument and sanction of modem pénallaw is réduction to slavery (Freiheitsstrafe). Capital punishmentis rare. Torture is forbidden. Slow starvation is illégal.Only bondage, deprivation of free movement and choice ofoccupation and récréation, remain. Do we really know, in ascientific sensé, what are the actual effects of this slavery?(1) In preventing répétition of the offence by fear? (2) Indeterring potential offenders ? (3) In building up character andfitting for freedom?it is easy to make strong affirmations on either side. Onemust believe that fear of punishment has some déterrent influence,one must believe that prisoners are sometimes reformed.The prison is necessary, so far as we can now see. It isrelatively better than freedom abused.We Americans have not invited you hither to convinceyou that we have found the final solution of the vexed problemsof criminal law, prison administration and methods ofprévention.By no means do we ask you, lawyers of the old world,to accept our phrase, "the indetcrminate sentence" If it seemsto you, as to some of our own jurists, to savor of the arbitrary
- Page 1 and 2: DEA LA DEMANDE DE LA COMMISSION PÉ
- Page 3 and 4: IVMalheureusement cette fois-ci ce
- Page 5 and 6: VIIIIXII 0 section. Questions péni
- Page 7 and 8: CONGRÈS PÉNITENTIAIRE INTERNATION
- Page 9 and 10: XVIAutres délégués officiels:MM.
- Page 11 and 12: XXEspagne.MM. *Cadalso, Fernando, D
- Page 13 and 14: XXIVMM. Tyrrolls, Frank P., Capt. W
- Page 15 and 16: XXVIIIMr. Ne al, L. B., M. D., Phys
- Page 17 and 18: XXXIIMM. Melville, Henry, Présiden
- Page 19 and 20: XXXVIMr. Johnson, E. M., Petersburg
- Page 21 and 22: XLXLIMM.*le D r R. Vambery, procure
- Page 23 and 24: PROGRAMME DES QUESTIONS.LQuestions
- Page 25 and 26: ■',XLVIIItransition entre la pén
- Page 27 and 28: 1,11DEUXIÈME QUESTION.Quelles amé
- Page 29 and 30: LVIles pays où les ivrognes crimin
- Page 31 and 32: LX1. La peine de mort existe-t-elle
- Page 34 and 35: SÉANCE SOLENNELLE D'OUVERTUREDIMAN
- Page 36 and 37: — 6 —tion of the Suprême Being
- Page 38 and 39: — 10 —Ail human expérience sho
- Page 40 and 41: — 14 —milieu et, cette vérité
- Page 42 and 43: — 18 —— 19 —Mr. Président,
- Page 46 and 47: — 24 —and uncertain, the capric
- Page 48 and 49: — 27 —nous envoie, vous, l'avan
- Page 50: — 30 — — 31 -Mais, chers et h
- Page 53 and 54: — 34 —— 35 —Il propose enfi
- Page 55 and 56: — 38 —d'oindre les pieds du Chr
- Page 57 and 58: — 43very often forgées that; and
- Page 59 and 60: — 46 —of need and the présence
- Page 61 and 62: PREMIÈRE SECTIONLÉGISLATION PÉNA
- Page 63 and 64: — 54 —a) Pour quelle catégorie
- Page 65 and 66: 'I— 58 —Un tel système de dét
- Page 67 and 68: — 62 —M. Engelen (Hollande). La
- Page 69 and 70: — 66 -être d'exercer une influen
- Page 71 and 72: — 71 —préventive et pleine de
- Page 73 and 74: — 74 —but pratique de l'institu
- Page 75 and 76: — 79 —Séance du 4 octobre 1910
- Page 77 and 78: — 82 — 83 —qui suppose involo
- Page 79 and 80: — 86 —degré du besoin et la pr
- Page 81 and 82: - 91 —L'on ne maintiendra des rè
- Page 83 and 84: — 94pénalité qu'une place plus
- Page 85 and 86: - 98 —M. le prof. Vambéry. M. le
- Page 87 and 88: — 102 —échéant, comme motivan
- Page 89 and 90: — 106 —paternelle. Pour la pein
- Page 91 and 92: - 110 —tion de malfaiteurs, pour
- Page 93 and 94: DEUXIÈME SECTION.Questions pénite
- Page 95 and 96:
— 118 —En Russie, les grandes p
- Page 97 and 98:
— 122 —5° Le travail qui convi
- Page 99 and 100:
— 126 —Cette observation est ap
- Page 101 and 102:
- 130 —qu'il a fait et comment il
- Page 103 and 104:
— 134 —tème de la libération
- Page 105 and 106:
— 138 —Des chefs de police sont
- Page 107 and 108:
142 —se faire par voie de grâce.
- Page 109 and 110:
— 146 —M. Vidal (France). En Fr
- Page 111 and 112:
150 —qui auront été condamnés
- Page 113 and 114:
— 154 —par la Commission pénit
- Page 115 and 116:
TROISIÈME SECTIONMOYENS PRÉVENTIF
- Page 117 and 118:
Sikabony et le sien l ).— 162 —
- Page 119 and 120:
— 166 —mière résolution, le m
- Page 121 and 122:
— 170 —M. Thomas Holmes tient
- Page 123 and 124:
— 174 —et sévère. Il y a main
- Page 125 and 126:
— 178 —la nécessité d'établi
- Page 127 and 128:
- 182 —M. Edwin Mulready. Nous ne
- Page 129 and 130:
- 186 —nécessaire dans l'intér
- Page 131 and 132:
- 190 —séparément. Dès que cet
- Page 133 and 134:
— 194 —3° les vagabonds profes
- Page 135 and 136:
— 198 —libération. La l re cla
- Page 137 and 138:
— 202 —4. Monopole des métiers
- Page 139 and 140:
— 206 —M. le D 1 ' Cooke décla
- Page 141 and 142:
— 210 —dans la plupart des Etat
- Page 143 and 144:
— 214 —sans l'organisation d'un
- Page 145 and 146:
— 218IL Il est difficile, sinon i
- Page 147 and 148:
- 222 -Miss Rosa-M. Barrett, à Kin
- Page 149 and 150:
— 227 —«3. La défense (par d
- Page 151 and 152:
— 230 —préventive. Le mineur n
- Page 153 and 154:
— 234 —il en existe au tribunal
- Page 155 and 156:
— 238 —2. Il y aurait lieu de s
- Page 157 and 158:
— 242 —que désirent souvent r
- Page 159 and 160:
5— 246 —Séance du 4 octobre 19
- Page 161 and 162:
— 250 —M. William Healey, direc
- Page 163 and 164:
- 254 —Les enfants faibles d'espr
- Page 165 and 166:
— 258 —peut être qu'affirmativ
- Page 167 and 168:
— 262 —«Après examen de la qu
- Page 169 and 170:
- 266 -«5. Dans tous les cas où i
- Page 171 and 172:
— 270 —M me Marie Hofstcde, à
- Page 173 and 174:
— 274 —enfants sont trop enclin
- Page 175 and 176:
— 278 —se conforment à la loi
- Page 177 and 178:
- 282 —classes de travaux manuels
- Page 179 and 180:
— 286 —M. Néander estime que l
- Page 181 and 182:
— 290 —au bénéfice d'une pens
- Page 183 and 184:
— 294 —dans le monde et elle lu
- Page 185 and 186:
— 298 — — 299 —sur leur sor