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Knebel, Sven. 1991. “Necessitas Moralis ad Optimum. Zum historischen Hintergrund der Wahl der besten aller möglichen Welten.” Studia Leibniziana, Band XXIII/I. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. Korsgaard, Christine. 1996. Sources of Normativity, Cambridge UP. Kowlinowski, Georges. 1977. “La Logique Juridique de Leibniz.” Studia Leibniziana Band IX/2. _____. et Gardies, Jean-Loius. 1974. “Un logicien déontique avant la lettre: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.” Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, Bd. LX/I (pp. 79- 112). Weisbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. Loemker, Leroy. 1973. “The Ethical Import of the Leibnizian System.” In The Philosophy of Leibniz and the Modern World. Ed. Ivor Leclerc. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP. Mercer, Christia. 2001. Leibniz’s Metaphysics: It’s Origins and Developement. Cambridge UP. Mulvaney, Robert J. 1999. “Divine Justice in Leibniz’s ‘Discourse on Metaphysics.” In Grotius, Pufendorf, and Modern Natural Law. Dartmouth Publishing. _____. 1968. “The Early Development of Leibniz’s Concept of Justice.” Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 29. Murray, Michael, J. 2005. “Spontaneity and Freedom.” in Leibniz: Nature and Freedom. Eds., Donald Rutherford and J.A. Cover. New York: Oxford UP. _____. 2004. “Pre-Leibnizian Moral Necessity.” The Leibniz Review. vol. 14. pp.1-29. _____. 1995. “Leibniz on Divine foreknowledge of Future Contingents and Human Freedom.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Reasearch.Vol. LV, No. 1. March. Naert, Émilienne. 1959. Leibniz et la Querelle du Pur Amour. Paris: Librairie philosophique J. Vrin. Piro, Francesco. 1999. “Leibniz and Ethics: The Years 1669-72” in The Young Leibniz and his Philosophy (1646-1676). International Archives of the History of Ideas. Ed. Stuart Brown. Poser, Hans. 1969. Zur Theorie der Modalbegriffe bei G.W. Leibniz, in Studia Leibniziana Supplementa, Franz Steiner Verlag. _____. 2005. G.W. Leibniz, zur Einfürung. Hamburg: Junius Verlag. Racionero, Quintín. 1993. “The Rights of Adam: A critique of natural rights and the moral dimension of rationality according to Leibniz.” In Leibniz and Adam. Eds., Marcelo Dascal and Elhanan Yakira, Tel Aviv, <strong>University</strong> Publishing Projects. Rawls, John. 1999. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge Mass. Harvard UP. 264
Reiner, Hans. 1977. “Die Goldene Regel und das Naturrecht.” Studia Leibniziana, Band IX/2. Weisbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag Rescher, Nicholas. 2002. “Leibniz on Possible Worlds.” Studia Leibniziana. Band 28/2 Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 129-161. _____.1979. Leibniz: An Introduction to his Philosophy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Riley, Patrick. 2004. “Leibniz's Méditation sur la notion commune de la justice: A Reply to Andreas Blank.” The Leibniz Review, Vol. 14 Dec. _____. 2003. “Leibniz's Méditation sur la notion commune de la justice, 1703-2003.” The Leibniz Review, Vol. 13 _____. 1996. Leibniz’s Universal Jurisprudence. Harvard UP. Röd, Wolfgang. 1970. Geometrischer Geist und Naturrecht. Methodengeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur Staatsphilosophie im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. München Bayr. Akad.Wiss. Phil.-Hist.Klasse, N.F. 70. Russell, Bertrand. 1900. A Critical Exposition of The Philosophy of Leibniz. London: Allen & Unwin. Rutherford, Donald. 1995. Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature. Cambridge UP. Schiedermair, Hartmut. 1970. Das Phänomen der Macht und die Idee des Rechts bei Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Franz Steiner Verlag. Schneewind, Jerome. 2003. (ed) Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant. Cambridge UP. _____. 1998. The Invention of Autonomy. Cambridge UP. _____. 1996. “Barbeyrac and Leibniz on Pufendorf.” In Palladini and Harung, pp. 181-9. _____. 1994. “Locke’s Moral Philosophy.” In The Cambridge Companion to Locke, ed. Vere Chappell, pp. 199-225. Cambridge UP. _____. 1993. “Kant and Natural Law Ethics.” Ethics 104, pp. 53-75. Schneider, Hans-Peter. 1967. Justitia Universalis: Quellenstudien zur Geschichte des Christlichen Naturrechts bei Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Vittorio Klosterman. Schneiders, Werner. 1971. Naturrecht und Liebesethik. Zur Geschichte der praktischen Philosophie im Hinblick auf Christian Thomasius. Hildsheim: George Olms Verlag. _____. 1969. “Guten und Gerechten.” Studia Leibnitiana Supplementa. Weisbaden, Franz Steiner Verlag. _____. 1966. “Naturrecht und Gerechtikeit bei Leibniz,” Zum Gedenken an den 250 Todestag von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Sonderausgabe der Zeitschrift Für Philosophische Forschung, Verlag Anton Hain. 265
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Stony Brook University The official
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Copyright by Christopher Lowell Joh
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Abstract of the Dissertation The Sc
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The more power he has, the less lic
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Section 1: Introduction............
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show, however, that pleasure and lo
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CHAPTER ONE: SUBJECTIVE RIGHT AND T
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By a plan for studies we mean a cer
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that for Leibniz the science of jur
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of these sources. In (1) the ground
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etween “fact” on one hand and
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however ‘public utility’ is def
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Grotius’ two significations of
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obligatio. That is, conceptually sp
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one’s own body; furthermore, give
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words, the sense in which God is su
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ight of war and punishment to the S
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qualities are the ground of public
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what conforms to the best or perfec
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Beginning with jus strictum or what
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proportion to contribution, this is
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of equity. 117 Nevertheless, it app
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agrees with the distinction between
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eward or fear of punishment, nor si
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eflecting God’s perfection as muc
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second degrees. As a precept of pie
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of a set of prudential instructions
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In Drafts 5 and 6 Leibniz then appl
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egulated. As we will eventually see
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advantage connected with the disadv
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To see how this passage implies pru
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establishes three important positio
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Justice must (and will always) invo
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y making the “deduction” that t
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Leibniz also seems to think that th
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[determine] the truth of propositio
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Prudence, furthermore, cannot be se
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Once again, as was to be shown, dut
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own and other good. The first defin
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of the matter. The main considerati
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of any other good, even if pleasure
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failing to recognize that pleasure
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another. Leibniz’s “epagogic”
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of right. Since right is the moral
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critical diligence to his definitio
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constant, I say, not that it may no
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mode of right have different truth
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the four types of statements of the
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accommodates this principle in the
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overcome the heart, as the Germans
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(1). “A Person is one who (2) lov
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state, but in being unimpeded from
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the Meditation Leibniz says that th
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will be tacitly understood. Because
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probability of an action occurring
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perceive and direct the harmonious
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However, it ought to be recognized
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CHAPTER THREE: THE MIDDLE PERIOD: I
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deductive system of natural right.
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It appears that the “modes of rig
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The just—or permitted, forbidden,
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is the right from which humans act,
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normative character they must be un
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Precepts of Right (Leibniz, Digest)
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This passage is quite important and
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and penalties” but rather are abl
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of the three degrees in the same te
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It is interesting that Leibniz defi
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And since charity is the habit of l
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has also influenced the prevailing
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What must not be overlooked is that
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the wise, and many other things bes
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degrees is to be found in the sourc
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dealings, except when an important
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sacrifice our own happiness for the
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CHAPTER FOUR: LEIBNIZ’S DEMONSTRA
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terms used frequently throughout th
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these distinctions in demonstration
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It is important to state the distin
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Section 3. Demonstration in general
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that Leibniz has used for various p
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necessary truths, but are contingen
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defines definition in the following
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Another example of the difference i
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It will be further asked what the g
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possible; but this does not show th
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Leibniz’s argument is this: To ma
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notion of probability, which they h
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quasi-platonic essences (residing i
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arguments on innateness, we discove
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manifest proofs that they are not i
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in mathematics, the measures of rig
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egulating our practice. (E 1.2.3) I
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senses what joy and sorrow are. (NE
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follows where we left off on page 8
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As Leibniz has argued similarly in
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It is not quite clear what he means
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just because a principle is not kno
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not have distinct knowledge of its
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actions and the goodness or evil th
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Essais. These sources, as he says t
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Leibniz cites a number of instincts
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our passions and our present concer
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The ordinary use of the word ‘pro
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state, constitute [natural right];
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ecognizes how the senses can obscur
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proposition; rather, possessing a v
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CHAPTER SIX: MONITA AND MEDITATION:
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committing crimes with impunity. Ul
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In the science of [right], rather,
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i.e., that she is the author of her
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sufficient to establish the obligat
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Page 227 and 228: It is agreed that whatever God will
Page 229 and 230: terminology, Leibniz holds that nat
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Page 233 and 234: need of help, and another who easil
Page 235 and 236: ‘equality,’ considered as “co
Page 237 and 238: such a way that no one has a reason
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Page 241 and 242: this. In any case, the real problem
Page 243 and 244: This means that the slave should be
Page 245 and 246: its efficient cause in the divine i
Page 247 and 248: a degree is it repugnant to reason
Page 249 and 250: external principle that compels God
Page 251 and 252: again at last to the Ciceronian for
Page 253 and 254: as equity; justice as love) were de
Page 255 and 256: CHAPTER SEVEN: NECESSITY, OBLIGATIO
Page 257 and 258: Thus in the Theodicy Leibniz uses m
Page 259 and 260: incapable of demonstrations. A scie
Page 261 and 262: Furthermore, we must not forget tha
Page 263 and 264: perceived to be the good. 24 Howeve
Page 265 and 266: Several points are notable here: Fi
Page 267 and 268: find the eternal rules of goodness
Page 269 and 270: Accordingly, the perfection of the
Page 271 and 272: an account of virtue. This shows, o
Page 273 and 274: H Hobbes, Thomas. 1651. Leviathan.
Page 275: Studia Leibniziana. Band 22. vol.2.
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