African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Fig. 5.9: Life Expectancy at Birth in African CountriesWATER FOR MEETING BASIC NEEDSSource: Africa Facts: http://www.nationmaster.comThe development of water supply and sanitationcan reduce waterborne diseases (YamamuraS. T. el al., 2002). The Global Water Supply andSanitation Assessment Report, 2000, emphasizesthat lack of improved domestic water supplyleads to diseases through two principal transmissionroutes:(a) Waterborne diseases from drinking contaminatedwater. This has led to many dramaticoutbreaks of faecal–oral diseases suchas cholera and typhoid. Outbreaks of wa-terborne diseases, including those transmittedby the faecal–oral route, (diarrhoea, typhoid,viral hepatitis A, cholera, dysentery)and dracunculiasis continue to occur acrossthe developed and developing world;(b) Water-washed diseases which occur whenthere is insufficient water for washing andpersonal hygiene. Without enough water,people cannot keep their hands, bodies anddomestic environments clean and hygienic.Skin and eye infections (including trachoma)are as easily spread as are faecal–oraldiseases.91
African Water Development Report 2006Fig. 5.10: Life Expectancy at Birth by Sub RegionsSource: Africa Facts: http://www.nationmaster.comBox 5.2Incidence of HIV/AIDS and Life Expectancy – The Case of MalawiGovernment estimates in 2004 put the median age in Malawi at 16.4 years, 16.1 years as male median age and16.7years as female. The population growth rate is at 2.14 % compared to the 1987 population census whichgave a growth rate of 3.2%. Despite a birth rate of 44.35 per 1,000 persons, the mortality rate is also high at23.01 per 1,000, and there is a zero migration rate This and other life-reducing factors have put life expectancyat birth at 37.48 years, male life expectancy at 37.08 years and female at 37.88 years. The life expectancy wasin the range of 60 years some 15 years ago before HIV/AIDS took its toll on the county’s population. HIV/AIDSprevalence among adults is at a rate of 14.2 % as estimated in 2003. The number of people living with HIV/AIDSis estimated at 900,000. In 2003, HIV/AIDS-related deaths were put at 84,000.(National AWDR Report, 2005)92
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51: Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 52 and 53: Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
Page 54 and 55: Human Development Index (HDI): This
Page 56 and 57: The Environmental Sustainability In
Page 58 and 59: Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
Page 62 and 63: FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
Page 64 and 65: annual flows of rivers and groundwa
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
Page 68 and 69: Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
Page 76 and 77: Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83: Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87: The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89: FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90: Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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Page 134 and 135: PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
Page 136 and 137: abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
Page 138 and 139: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
Page 144 and 145: Fertilisers are also a potential th
Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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