African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Urban Water Needs in Some SelectedCountrieswas 1 796 300 inhabitants (Table 7.11) and theSNDE total production in the six urban citieswas 39. 80 million m3. If technical losses are takeninto account with an estimated level of 35 percent, the consumed water volume was 39.5 litresper capita per day.From the calculation of the volume that takesinto account other water uses (industry andtrade), it was found that in 2002 the overall waterdemand was far from being satisfied. Thequantity of unaccounted-for water is not easilymeasurable because of the use of an all-in-onetariff system on the one hand and because of thelack of metering and water measurement on theother. The technical outputs currently admittedamount to 65 per cent. The evolution of domesticWATER AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTSTable 7.10: Dynamics of Unaccounted-for Water in urban water supply systemsYear 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992Volume producedVolume sold28.20521.29029.72019 32037.40024 31030.84520 05032.55321 16036.40023.660Unaccounted for Water % 35 35 35 35 35 35Source: AWDR National Report, 2003 (SNDE)Table 7.11: Urban Cities Demographic Growth (million of persons)CitiesPopulation Population Population Population1995200020012002BrazzavillePointe NoireDolisieNkayiMossendjoOuesso826 000415 00069 70053 50021 90017 600999 400502 10084 30064 20026 50021 2001 027 800516 40086 70066 10027 40021 8001 057 300531 30089 20067 90028 20022 400Total 1 403 700 1 697 700 1 746 200 1 796 300Source: AWDR National Report (CNSEE)Republic of the CongoIn 1992, the urban population of the Republicof the Congo was estimated at 1,264.900 people.Water demand assessed on the basis of 50l/day/percapita was then 63 245 m3/day. The total annualproduction of the Société Nationale de Distributiond’Eau (SNDE) in the six urban cities that yearwas 36.400 million m3 or a daily production of97 726 m3. Since 22 per cent of SNDE’s totalproduction was consumed by industries and tradeand SNDE’s technical output was 65 per cent,the volume directly consumed by the populationwas 49 550 m3, that is, 39 litres per capita perday. The evolution of the gaps between the volumesproduced and those really sold until 1992is shown in table 7.10 as unaccounted-for-water.Statistics on the sold volumes are not available.However, the estimated average technical outputis 65 per cent. In 2002, the urban populationconsumption is graphically shown in figure 7.4while the industrial and commercial consumptionof water is shown in Figure 7.5.181
African Water Development Report 2006Figure 7.4 Evolution of Domestic consumptionPer capital consumption/day4030201001997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002YearSource AWDR National Report, 2003Figure 7.5: Evolution of Industrial and commercial consumption76Consumption, millions m 35432101997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002YearSource AWDR National Report, 2003NigeriaThe population of Nigerian cities has increasedtremendously, especially with the steady migrationof unemployed youths from the rural areasto the major cities and towns. In the same manner,many semi- urban towns have grown intourban cities with the creation of new states andlocal governments. JICA (1995) defined citiesor urban towns as towns that have a populationof over 20,000. At independence in 1960, themajor cities in Nigeria comprised mostly of theregional capitals of Enugu, Kaduna, Ibadan andLagos as well as other subordinate urban towns.With the creation of the twelve state structuresin 1967, the number of urban cities in Nigeriarose to over 250. Considering the present 36 statecapitals, including the Federal Capital Territory(FCT), and the fact that each local governmentheadquarter has a potential to develop into a city,Nigeria, for planning purposes, could be said tohave up to 600 cities, a far cry from the estimated250 cities at independence (Table 7.12).182
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
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Page 160 and 161: Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165: Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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Page 168 and 169: of interdependent factors which adv
Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
Page 172: United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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