African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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United Nations Population Divison (1997).Urban and Rural Areas, 1950-2030 (the 1996Revision), on diskette. United Nations, NewYork, United StatesUnited States Geological Survey. http://grid2.cr.usgs.gov/publications/biodiversity/WCMC (1998). WCMC Protected Areas Databasehttp://www.wcmc.org.uk/protected_areas/dataWorld Resource Institute (2000): HumanModifications of Freshwater Systems –– www.wri.org/wr2000/freshwaterWRI, 1992. World Resources 1991-92, OxfordUniversity Press, 1992.WRI, UNEP and UNDP (1994). World Resources1994-95: A Guide to the World Environment.Oxford University Press, New York,United States, and Oxford, United KingdomProtecting Ecosystems in AfricaWCMC/IUCN (1998). WCMC SpeciesDatabase, data available at http://wcmc/org/uk,assessments from the 1996 IUCN Red List ofThreatened AnimalsWHO 1997: Health and Environment inSustainable Development Five Years after theEarth SummitWorld Bank. 1995. Toward EnvironmentallySustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa.WRI, UNEP, UNDP and WB (1998). WorldResources 1998-99: A Guide to the Global Environment(and the World Resources Databasediskette). Oxford University Press, New York,United States, and Oxford, United KingdomWWF (2004): Rivers at Risk - Dams and thefuture of freshwater ecosystems. This report wasprepared in cooperation with the World ResourcesInstitute. WWF-Canon / Caroline LiouJune 2004. www.panda.org/dams163
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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Page 121 and 122: African Water Development Report 20
Page 134 and 135: PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
Page 136 and 137: abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
Page 138 and 139: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
Page 144 and 145: Fertilisers are also a potential th
Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
Page 152 and 153: espective of the fact that some oth
Page 154 and 155: Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159: Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 160 and 161: Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165: Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
Page 166 and 167: South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
Page 168 and 169: of interdependent factors which adv
Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
Page 174 and 175: WATER AND URBANENVIRONMENTSAt the s
Page 176 and 177: areas are distinct from those of ru
Page 178 and 179: provision for hand-washing and safe
Page 180 and 181: Table 7.5: Contamination of water b
Page 182 and 183: Table 7.6: Production Characteristi
Page 184 and 185: Setback: Most water supply networks
Page 186 and 187: Table 7.9: Estimated urban slum pop
Page 188 and 189: Box 7.3 Domestic Water Purification
Page 190 and 191: Urban Water Needs in Some SelectedC
Page 192 and 193: Table 7.12: Number of Local Governm
Page 194 and 195: Table 7.14: Percentage Distribution
Page 196 and 197: The average per capita consumption
Page 198 and 199: UN/ECA, 2002, Development Challenge
Page 200 and 201: WATER FOR FOODSECURITYFood security
Page 202 and 203: plantains and many others to go to
Page 204 and 205: Physical constraintsIn many parts o
Page 206 and 207: Figure 8.4: GDP and Agriculture Gro
Page 208 and 209: Table 8.6: Output of Main Agricultu
Page 210 and 211: Country or areaProduction(tons live
Page 212 and 213: Animal production and suppliesLives
Page 214 and 215: Table 8.13: Specific Nutrients foun
Page 216 and 217: Table 8.14 Actual and Projected Irr
Page 218 and 219: Figure 8.8: Agricultural Equipped A
Page 220 and 221: Table 8.19: Contribution of irrigat
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Table 8.20: Irrigation water withdr
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HARNESSINGENERGY FORDEVELOPMENTOver
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electricity, and solar power. This
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Hydroelectric capacity accounts for
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Africa (Nigeria), Central Africa (G
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Carbon Emissions by Fuel Type in Af
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(d) Energy pooling through developm
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Energy Pooling through Interconnect
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MANAGING RISKSInterrelationships, r
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ican countries cannot afford either
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Box 10.1: Africa Intertropical Conv
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Table 10.2:Potential natural hazard
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fact that in recent times drought-r
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Box 10.2: FAO GLOBAL INFORMATION AN
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Table 10.3:The Deadliest Natural Di
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pressure on settlement populations
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ment has disrupted the benefits of
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momentum towards addressing issues
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ReferencesAmbenje P. G.: Regional D
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liminary Version, July 2002. Geneva
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VALUING WATERThe facts given in the
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cording to the 1992 Dublin Statemen
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hand, where an economic interest ha
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tain many types of value and benefi
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Impact of New Valuation of Irrigati
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increase cost recovery for water sy
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Supply Company the cost is P 4.04/
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Water Pricing by the Addis Ababa Wa
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The main objective of water demand
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In the second phase of the program,
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to serve the social concerns of the
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MDG Task Force on Water and Sanitat
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Governing WaterWiselyThe institutio
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Enabling Institutional EnvironmentT
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Organizational StructureThe institu
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Table 15.1: Types of Water Resource
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Box 15.6Advisory and Consultative I
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This recalls the role of national w
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tive framework, and could include t
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• Support to activities for the I
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ment, Report, Addis Ababa.UNESCO: U
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CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONSMost
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in East Africa, Central Africa and
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