African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Fig. 5.17: Progress in Urban and Rural Access to Improved Water Source in AfricanCountriesAlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCentral AfricanChadComorosCongoCongo, Dem RepCôte d'IvoireDjiboutiEgyptEquatorialEritreaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSudanTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZambiaZimbabweUrban Access to Impoved Water Supply inAfrica 1990-20000 20 40 60 80 100AlgeriaAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeC. African RepChadComorosCongoCongo, Dem RepCôte d'IvoireDjiboutiEgyptEq. GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSudanTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZambiaZimbabweRural Access to Improved Water Source inAfrica 1990-20000 20 40 60 80 100WATER FOR MEETING BASIC NEEDS2000 19902000 1990Source: World Resources Institute – Earth Trends. The Environmental Information: http://earthtrends.wri.org/101
African Water Development Report 2006Access to drinking water supply services in theCongo Republic decreased by 0.5 per cent in theurban environment and increased by 8.8 per centin the rural areas, an overall growth of 5 per cent(AWDR National Report, 2003). The people notserved usually make do with water from a varietyof sources to cover their drinking and domesticwater needs. These sources include:(a) Water direct from streams and rivers;(b) Unprotected wells and springs; and(c) Water vendors.A typical African access to potable drinking watersituation exemplified by the situation of Sudanis demonstrated in Box 5.4.Access to sanitation services in AfricaMost governments and communities have placeda higher priority on safe water, but that in itselfis not a panacea for all ills. Without a strongercommitment to sanitation, it will be difficult toreduce the incidence of diarrhoea, a major childkiller, and other diseases that flourish in unsani-Box 5.4Suffering in getting drinking Water and Difficulties in accessing drinking water in SudanAccording to the National Water Corporation (NWC) annual report, about 70% of urban residents have accessto a reasonable supply of safe water. However, due to inefficiency and problems associated with water deliveryinfrastructure and pumps, only 50% have adequate access to safe water. This is based on consumption per capitain urban areas taken as 50 l/day, which is far below the real need and WHO standard. Therefore, even the 50%is not realistic. Rural areas have on average less access; about 47% of rural residents have access to safe waterwhich drops by 25% during the dry months of the year (January to June). The rural daily consumption per capitais taken as 18 l/day. In 2001, the urban population was estimated to be about 30% while the rural was 68% andnomad 2%. In 2003, it was estimated at 48% in the urban areas, 50% in the rural areas and 2% for nomads.Therefore, according to the NWC the total drinking water requirement for urban areas is 0.8 billion m³ and forthe rural is 0.3 billion m³ annually. The water required for livestock was estimated at 4.0 billion m³. The totaldomestic water required by 2025 is estimated at 8 billion m³ (2.5 billion m3 for drinking water and 5.5 billionm3 for livestock and others).Source: Extracts from AWDR National Report, 2005102
Page 2 and 3:
AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
Page 6 and 7:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
Page 8 and 9:
The African Water Development Repor
Page 10 and 11:
INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
Page 12:
WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
Page 15 and 16:
African Water Development Report 20
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 36:
INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 44 and 45:
INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
Page 46 and 47:
(i) Specific for a certain stress o
Page 48 and 49:
Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51:
Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 52 and 53:
Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
Page 54 and 55:
Human Development Index (HDI): This
Page 56 and 57:
The Environmental Sustainability In
Page 58 and 59:
Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
Page 62 and 63: FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
Page 64 and 65: annual flows of rivers and groundwa
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
Page 68 and 69: Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
Page 76 and 77: Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83: Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87: The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89: FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90: Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
Page 93 and 94: African Water Development Report 20
Page 109: African Water Development Report 20
Page 134 and 135: PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
Page 136 and 137: abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
Page 138 and 139: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
Page 144 and 145: Fertilisers are also a potential th
Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
Page 152 and 153: espective of the fact that some oth
Page 154 and 155: Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159: Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 160 and 161:
Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163:
Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165:
Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
Page 166 and 167:
South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
Page 168 and 169:
of interdependent factors which adv
Page 170 and 171:
Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
Page 172:
United Nations Population Divison (
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 262 and 263:
SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
Page 264 and 265:
Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
Page 266 and 267:
Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
Page 268 and 269:
Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
Page 270 and 271:
the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
Page 272 and 273:
1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
Page 274 and 275:
countries in the southern portion o
Page 276 and 277:
to manage water resources among rip
Page 278 and 279:
non-payment of financial dues. Some
Page 280 and 281:
Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
Page 282:
Water Resources Management In Afric
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 308 and 309:
ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
Page 310 and 311:
polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
Page 312 and 313:
Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
Page 314 and 315:
The present day call for integrated
Page 316 and 317:
cipitation monitoring; determinatio
Page 318 and 319:
processes and situations or to an o
Page 320 and 321:
Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
Page 322 and 323:
The requisite enabling environment
Page 324 and 325:
African countries can obviously not
Page 326 and 327:
the science and technology of the s
Page 328 and 329:
Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
Page 330 and 331:
Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
Page 332 and 333:
(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
Page 334 and 335:
Key Outputs: The first steps for th
Page 336 and 337:
Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
Page 338 and 339:
particular relevance to data collec
Page 340 and 341:
of water in agriculture through imp
Page 342 and 343:
The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
Page 344 and 345:
IWRM Course Participants according
Page 346 and 347:
5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
Page 348:
GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 368 and 369:
IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
Page 370 and 371:
Public Participation;(d) Informatio
Page 372 and 373:
a regional framework for Africa as
Page 374:
Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379:
show all

African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?