African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Meeting the Basic Water Needs - MauritiusActual and total water supply coverage (urban, rural disparities)To date, water supply coverage is 54% of the total population in the urban areas. Both surface and groundwatersources are being exploited to cater for demand in urban and rural areas.Actual and total sanitation coverage (urban, rural disparities)Both the urban and the rural people have access to proper sanitation facilities, either through connection tothe sewer network (21% - 2004 figures), septic tanks or absorption pits. The 21% served by the under sewernetwork are mostly in the urban areas. However, the Wastewater Management Authority is planning to improveconnection to 50% by the year 2010.Percentage or number of people not served with improved drinking water and extension ofpiped water supplyA total of 85% of the people have access to piped supply within their housing premises, the remaining 15% getthe water either from public fountains and water tankers operated by the Central Water Authority. The breakdownis as follows:In yard 14.5%Public fountain & Water tanker 0.5%WATER FOR MEETING BASIC NEEDSProportion of urban population with access to improved water supply and sanitationImproved water supply: Urban 100%Rural 85%Improved Sanitation: Urban 100%Rural 100%Basic water needs in BotswanaBasic water needs are being met through two interrelated policies. Firstly, reticulated water supply systems areconstructed, maintained and, where necessary, upgraded in all settlements with more than 250 inhabitants. Thenorm is that all persons should have access to a water point within 500 meters form their home. Secondly, watertariffs are set in such a way that basic water needs are affordable. For this reason, water from standpipes in ruralvillages is free, and in urban areas there is a nominal monthly fee that also includes other services. In addition,water charges for the lifeline band (up to 5 m 3 ) are low and sub-economic (through cross subsidization by largeusers, including government).A comparison of the Population Census of 1991 and 2001 shows that the percentage of households with accessto piped or tap drinking water increased significantly during the last decades: 1981: 56%; 1991: 77% and 200187.7% (Kelekwang and Gowera, 2003). The 2001 figures are as follows:(a) Urban areas: 99.5% with access to safe piped and tap water;(b) Large rural villages: 96.7% access with access to such water;(c) Rural villages: 73.3% access.Households without piped or tap water mostly rely on boreholes (5.1%), wells (1.8%), tankers (0.8%) or otherwater points (4.5%) (ibid). Boreholes, in particular, are considered safe and reliable water sources.117
African Water Development Report 2006MEETING THE MDG DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION TARGET –WHAT INCREASE IS NEEDED IN AFRICA?AFRICA’S DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION COVERAGE ESTIMATESSource: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Water for life: Making it Happen. World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2005118
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Page 78 and 79: Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83: Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87: The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89: FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90: Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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Page 134 and 135: PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
Page 136 and 137: abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
Page 138 and 139: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
Page 144 and 145: Fertilisers are also a potential th
Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
Page 152 and 153: espective of the fact that some oth
Page 154 and 155: Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159: Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 160 and 161: Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165: Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
Page 166 and 167: South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
Page 168 and 169: of interdependent factors which adv
Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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