African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Box 15.6Advisory and Consultative Institutions in CameroonCameroon has two inter-ministerial committees responsible for coordinating various aspects of water and sanitationin the country. These are:1. The National Water Committee (NWC)This committee was set up in 1985 as a State consultative body to define and establish a water policy for Cameroon.The 1998 law on water and the subsequent decrees of May 2001 specify the following roles for theCommittee:GOVERNING WATER WISELY(a) To study and recommend to the State all necessary measures for the conservation, protection and sustainableuse of water;(b) To advise the State on matters relating to water;(c) To make proposals to the State on water management in Cameroon. The Minister of Mines, Water andEnergy chairs the Committee and the Director of Water is its secretary.All the ministries involved in water management are statutory members of the committee. Other membersare: the president of the Chamber of Agriculture, a representative of the Association of Mayors, representativesof public utility companies (one for water and one for energy). Since its establishment in 1985, the committeehas met very infrequently and has failed to live up to the role defined for it in its constitutive decree. It is hopedthat the recently signed decrees to reactivate the water law will give a new impetus to this organ to play its roleeffectively.2. National Committee on the Environment (NCE)This Committee is responsible for coordinating environmental policies with the Ministry of Environment and Forestswhich plays the leading role. The committee is expected to assist the Government in formulating, coordinating,implementing and monitoring environmental policies. The decree establishing this Committee has just beensigned, six years after the enactment of the law on the environment. Like its sister inter-ministerial committee,this organ exists only on paper and has not fulfilled its role.be considered in designing institutional structuresfor water planning and administration:Figure 15.1: Institutional Setting for WaterResources in Mauritius(a) Ability to apply a broad range of alternativesin solving problems;(b) Ability to combine efficiency and fairnessin water administration, consistent with thenational policy;(c) Embodiment and provision of continuityby adapting plans to changing local, regionaland national priorities;(d) Involvement of all stakeholders concernedwith specific development and managementplans; and(e) Ability to continue the learning processthrough project and post-project analysis inorder to improve effectiveness.349
African Water Development Report 2006Note: Water Resources Unit (WRU), the CentralWater Authority (CWA) Wastewater ManagementAuthority (WMA), Irrigation Authority(IA). Source: AWDR National Report, 2005The institutional structures must ensure compliancewith construction and operational plansand be able to link planning to resource allocation.It must see to it that the implementationstage includes arrangements for adequate supplyof good quality water as well as the servicesBox 15.7Fragmentation of Water Competence among Ministries - Cameroonneeded by other structures to continue to operateand to undertake repairs and maintenance. Thestructures must be dynamic to enable them toadjust to national and regional changes.These multifaceted actions and responsibilitiesjustify, once again, the need for a coordinatingmechanism, rather than a single body, to unite efforts,ensure consistency of decisions and employan integrated or balanced approach to problemsand activities in pursuing a nation’s water policy.Cameroon serves as a good example of how responsibility for water management is distributed among various authorities. Ithas 12 ministries that can be placed under this category, as follows:1. Ministry of Mines, Water and Energy (MINMEE): This ministry is responsible for the definition and application of water policiesin Cameroon and is the country’s main water coordinating institution.2. Ministry of Town Planning and Housing (MINUH): This ministry is responsible for planning of water and sanitation networksin urban areas with a population of less than 100,000 persons, and controls the construction of urban water supply projects insuch towns.3. Ministry of Towns (MINVILLE): This ministry plays the role of MINUH in towns with a population exceeding 100 000 inhabitants.It defines water supply and sanitation policy in such towns and is the ministry in charge of the Cameroon HousingCooperation (SIC), which manages secondary water supply and sanitation programmes in its housing estates.4. Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRIC): It acts through the Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (Génie Rural) and communitydevelopment especially for irrigation, and provision of water supplies and adequate sanitation in rural areas.5. Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA): This ministry is concerned with water management infisheries, and water supply for livestock.6. Ministry of Environment and Forests (MINEF): This is the executing, planning and control institution as concerns managementof the environment (air, water and soil). The functions of this ministry relating to water, a key element of the environment,therefore overlap with that of MINMEE. Among other functions, MINEF is responsible for the preparation of the NationalEnvironmental Action Plan and proposes measures for the rational and sustainable management of natural resources and protectionof the environment.7. Ministry of Public Investment and Territorial Development (MINPAT): This ministry controls and approves public investmentin water and sanitation programmes in Cameroon.8. Ministry of Public Health (MINSANTE): is responsible for drawing up government policies on hygiene and sanitation in urbanand rural areas, ensures environmental cleanliness and is responsible for identifying and resolving all major sanitary problemsin the country.9. Ministry of Commercial and Industrial Development (MINDIC), controls the mineral water sector in Cameroon. This includesauthorization to bottle water, quality control and collection of taxes. This ministry fixes the price of domestic water incooperation with other ministries.10. Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINAT): This ministry manages municipalities, which ensurecleanliness in their areas of jurisdiction, the collection and treatment of wastes, and the maintenance of drainage networks.MINAT also has a Directorate of Civil Protection responsible for managing all disasters in the country including those relating towater e.g. floods, droughts and epidemics.11. Ministry of Economy and Finance (MINEFI): This ministry acts through the directorate of treasury in the financing of projectswith funds from the Public Investment Budget (BIP).12. Ministry of Transport (MINTRANS): This ministry is involved in water management since the meteorological service isunder its jurisdiction.350
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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Page 308 and 309: ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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