African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Table 7.9: Estimated urban slum population (without radical action by Governments)WATER AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTSshould be born in mind is that the poor fromthe informal settlements are the hardest workingand provide the labour in many industries, officesand services and yet, on getting back home, findno water and sanitation. A programme needs tobe worked out for serving the urban poor bearingin mind the variability of their per capita waterdemand. Just a shower and a water closet may beall that a household needs to modify its requirementsand still keep within reasonable tariffs,thus balancing cost and standard of living.177
African Water Development Report 2006Box 7.2 Urban Slums of Kisumu, KenyaOver 50% of Kisumu residents live in informal settlements. The existing municipal supply is inefficient. The productionis less than it is supposed to be and the amount supplied covers only 40% of the demand. The seweragesystem is also overloaded, as it is undersized. This water supply is not extended to the informal settlements withconnections, for several reasons; some residents would not pay and would even harass the municipal workerswho went there to disconnect the meters. Secondly, there are several water kiosks that are allegedly owned byvery influential people. The water kiosk owners sell water to both vendors and individuals and will even go to theextent of inciting water shortages by damaging pipes. Thus, the urban poor resident is faced with two options, topurchase water from the vendor whose cost is 66% more than that of the municipal supply, or dig shallow wellswhich are common in many households as the water level is quite high. The danger with these wells is the waterquality. Being that the slums are extremely crowded and sanitation facilities not far away, not to mention thegroundwater pollution faced by industrial towns, the repercussions are devastating, with very rampant waterbornediseases, especially typhoid.Sanitation facilities on the other hand are very few. Most landlords/ladies would rather build an extra housing roomthan a latrine. This leads to most tenants using the bush and/or open spaces.As these informal settlements keep growing, the municipality to date has no clear plans for water supply to them.The water supply is not even sufficient for the town’s core, considering that the system was set up in the 1970smainly for domestic use and since then with industries coming up and more people settling in, the system hasNEVER been expanded. Municipal water losses are abundant, both from leaks and illegal connections, and even forthe metered connections, only 33% of what is billed is remitted to the council.Privatization has been discussed, but there still remains the feeling of groping with no direction. Partnerships withexisting NGOs could be an option that has not been regarded as no NGOs have seriously embarked on waterand sanitation in urban Kisumu.Source: Yvonne Wangui, E-Conference on Toolkit for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Services among the Urban Poor, 2002.178
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
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Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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