African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

African Water Development Report 2006ZimbabweZambiaUgandaTunisiaTogoTanzaniaSwazilandSudanSouth AfricaSomaliaSierra LeoneSenegalRwandaNigeriaNigerNamibiaM ozambiqueM oroccoM auritiusM auritaniaM aliM alawiM adagascarLibyaLiberiaLesothoKenyaGuinea-BissauGuineaGhanaGambiaGabonEthiopiaEritreaEq. GuineaEgyptDjiboutiCôte d'IvoireCongo, DemCongoChadC. African RepCape VerdeCameroonBurundiBurkina FasoBotswanaBeninAngolaAlgeriaFig. 4.8: Annual Total Water Withdrawal inAfrican Countriesuse of water resources in the continent. However,variability in rainfall results in frequent bouts ofwater scarcity and, during these times, demandexceeds supply. Human settlement patterns alsoinfluence freshwater availability which, in turn,influence them. Even though the countries ofthe northern subregion have the minimum internalrenewable water, they have higher waterwithdrawals. From figure 4.8, it can be observedthat Egypt and the Sudan have the highest totalwater withdrawal while they are joined by othercountries like Libya, Swaziland, and Madagascaras the countries with the highest per capita withdrawalof water (fig. 4.9).ZimbabweZambiaUgandaTogoTanzaniaSwazilandSudanSouth AfricaSomaliaSierra LeoneSenegalRwandaNigeriaNigerNamibiaM ozambiqueM oroccoM auritaniaM aliM alawiM adagascarLibyaLiberiaLesothoKenyaGuinea-BissauGuineaGhanaGambiaGabonEthiopiaEritreaEq. GuineaEgyptDjiboutiCôte d'IvoireCongo, DemCongoChadCape VerdeCameroonC. African RepBurundiBurkina FasoBotswanaBeninAngolaAlgeriaFig. 4.9: Africa Per Capita WaterWithdrawal0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 700000 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Source: World Resources Institute – Earth Trends. The Environmental InformationPortal: http://earthtrends.wri.org/Note: Annual Total Water Withdrawals is the gross amount of water extracted fromany source, either permanently or temporarily, for a given use. It can be either divertedtowards distribution networks or directly used. It includes consumptive use,conveyance losses, and return flow.Source: World Resources Institute – Earth Trends. The EnvironmentalInformation Portal: http://earthtrends.wri.org/Note: Per Capita Annual Total Water Withdrawals is the grossamount of water extracted, on a per person basis, from any source,either permanently or temporarily, for a given use. It can be eitherdiverted towards distribution networks or directly used. It includesconsumptive use, conveyance losses, and return flow66