African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indicators for use in the first Cameroon Water DevelopmentReportTargets1. To reduce by 25% the proportion ofpeople without access to safe and adequatewater supply by the year 2005,by 75% by the year 2015 and by 95%by the year 2025.2. To reduce by 25% the proportionof people without access to safe andadequate sanitation by the year 2005,by 70% by the year 2015 and by 95%by the year 2025.Holistic indicators for sustainable developmentThe Water Poverty Index (WPI): This is aneasy-to-use indicator designed to provide a standardizedframework for monitoring how bestwater can be managed to meet the basic needsof development. Monitoring progress in the watersector requires an interdisciplinary approachthat may involve both qualitative and quantitativeassessment techniques. These should be integratedin such a way as to allow a range of issuesto be addressed, while at the same time allowingthe views and values of a range of stakeholdersto be represented. The Water Poverty Index(WPI) measures, for a given country, the impactof water scarcity and water provision on humanpopulations. WPI is a number between 0 and100, where a low score indicates water povertyand a high score indicates good water provision.WPI is the culmination of an interdisciplinaryapproach that combines the physical quantitiesrelating to water availability and the socio-economicfactors relating to poverty to produce anindicator that addresses the diverse factors thataffect water resources management.Indicators• Actual and total water supply coverage (urban, rural disparities)• Actual and total sanitation coverage (urban, rural disparities)• % or number of people not served with basic sanitation• % or number of people not served with improved drinking waterand extension of piped water supply• Investment in drinking water supply and sanitation• % of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of water resources developmentand compliance with HIA recommendations• Incidence of water-related diseases like diarrhoea, cholera, andmalaria.The scores of the index range on a scale of 1 -100, with the total being generated as a weightedadditive value of five major components, wherea low score indicates water poverty and a highscore indicates good water provision. Each of the5 components is also scored on a scale of 1 - 100,and they are:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)Resource: The measure of ground and surfacewater availability, adjusted for qualityand reliability;Access: Indicates the effective access peoplehave to water for their survival;Use: Captures some measure of how wateris used, including sectoral shares;Capacity: Represents human and financialcapacity to manage the system; andEnvironment: Tries to capture an evaluationof ecological integrity related to waterINDICATORS - MEASURING THE PROGRESS OF THE Africa Water VisionThe Water Poverty Index is therefore based onthe formulation of a holistic framework for waterresources evaluation, which incorporates a widerange of variables in keeping with the SustainableLivelihoods Approach used by many donororganisations to evaluate development progress.43
African Water Development Report 2006The raking of African countries according to their water poverty index is shown in the figure below.Eq. GuineaGabonNamibiaMauritiusEgyptCongo RepBotswanaCameroonZimbabweSwazilandSouth AfricaGuineaTunisiaZambiaMauritaniaAlgeriaSudanTanzaniaMadagascarGuinea-BissauGambiaKenyaTogoMoroccoCote d'IvoireCongo, Dem RepSenegalMozambiqueGhanaUgandaNigeriaComorosC. African RepLesothoSierra LeoneBurkina FasoMaliCape VerdeAngolaBurundiRwandaChadBeninMalawiDjiboutiEritreaNigerEthiopiaWater Poverty Index - African Region0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Source: World Resources Institute, Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. 2002. Note: For a detailed account ofalternative methods and their shortcomings, please refer to the 2002 print publication Calculating a Water Poverty Index: http://www.nerc-wallingford.ac.uk/research/WPI/images/WaterPovertyIndexPaper.pdf.44
Page 2 and 3: AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
Page 8 and 9: The African Water Development Repor
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
Page 12: WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
Page 15 and 16: African Water Development Report 20
Page 36: INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
Page 44 and 45: INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
Page 46 and 47: (i) Specific for a certain stress o
Page 48 and 49: Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51: Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 54 and 55: Human Development Index (HDI): This
Page 56 and 57: The Environmental Sustainability In
Page 58 and 59: Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
Page 62 and 63: FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
Page 64 and 65: annual flows of rivers and groundwa
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
Page 68 and 69: Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
Page 76 and 77: Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83: Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87: The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89: FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90: Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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African Water Development Report 20
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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