African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Figure 8.4: GDP and Agriculture Growth (1983-2001) in SudanWATER FOR FOOD SECURITYTable 8.4: Production of food crops in Mauritius (1994-2003).Production of food crops, 1994 – 2003(Tonnes).Totalfoodcrops81,466 97,533 89,629 101,442 92,215 86,083 114,484 129,119 103,876 103,455Source: AWDR National Report, 2005.of food production in Mauritius shown in table8.4.There are several factors explaining the persistingfood insecurity problem in Africa. Amongthem are:(a) Continuous rapid population growth;(b) Low agricultural productivity;(c) Environmental degradation; and(d) Weak science and technology infrastructure.As a result of the high moisture variability overAfrica from the north to the south, agriculturalproduction differs from subregion to subregionand even within them. Tables (8.5-8.8) showthe levels of food needs and agricultural productionoutputs in various countries. It must benoted that there is no single subregion in whichfood security is guaranteed without recourse tofood imports or external food aid. Yet, most Africancountries have not taken full advantage ofthe available arable lands for agricultural production(figure 8.5).197
African Water Development Report 2006Figure 8.5: Permanent and Arable croplands in Sub-saharan African CountriesAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCentral AfricanChadComorosCongoCongo, Dem RepCôte d'IvoireDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRéunionRwandaSaint HelenaSao Tome &SenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabwe0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 350002002 2001 2000Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAOSTAT on-line.Table 8.5: Coverage levels of food needs by agricultural production in MoroccoCereals Oil Sugar1970-74 85% 25% 50%1975-79 74% 22% 53%1980-84 62% 17% 60%1994-98 62% 20% 51%Sources: AWDR National Report, 2005; Ministry of Agriculture.Consequently, many people in Africa lack adequateamounts of foods that are rich in the nutrientsneeded for health and a productive life.Chronic undernutrition affects some 215 millionpeople in sub-Saharan Africa, or 43 per cent ofthe population (FAO, 1996b).198
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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