African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Human Development Index (HDI): This is a brief measurement of human development, establishedby the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It measures the average achievement inthree basic dimensions of human development: A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancyat birth; knowledge, as measured by a combination of adult literacy (two-thirds weight) and thecombined primary-, secondary- and tertiary- gross enrolment ratios (one-third weight) and; a decentstandard of living, as measured by GDP per capita (PPP $US). HDI is calculated as a simple averageof the dimension indices that refer to the relative level of actual attainment between the maximumand minimum values.SeychellesLibyaMauritiusTunisiaCape VerdeAlgeriaEq. GuineaSouth AfricaEgyptGabonS. Tomé & PrincipeMoroccoNamibiaBotswanaGhanaComorosSwazilandSudanCameroonTogoLesothoUgandaZimbabweKenyaMadagascarNigeriaMauritaniaDjiboutiGambiaEritreaSenegalRwandaGuineaBeninTanzaniaCote d'IvoireZambiaMalawiAngolaChadCongo, Dem. Rep.C. African Rep.EthiopiaMozambiqueGuinea-BissauBurundiMaliBurkina FasoNigerSierra LeoneINDICATORS - MEASURING THE PROGRESS OF THE Africa Water Vision0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.92000 2002Source: UNDP (2001, 2004)45
African Water Development Report 2006From the UNDP Human Development Reports (2002, 2004) it can be noted that only Seychelleswas ranked among the high-income group in 2002 (UNDP, 2004) while about 18 countries fell intothe medium group. Even though the report indicates that the methodology has been updated in sucha way that care must be taking when comparing the figures for 2000 and 2002, it is worth noting thatin the report of 2002, about 21 countries were ranked in the medium income group. The human developmentindex (HDI) values and corresponding ranks of African countries are shown in the figureabove and the table below.Ranking of African countries according to the Human Development Index 2002Ranking of African countries according to the Human Development Index 20021 Human development indexHDIrank aAFRICAMONITORING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: ENLARGING PEOPLE'S CHOICES . . .Lifeexpectancy atbirth(years)2002Adult literacy rate(% ages 15 and above)2002 bCombined grossenrolment ratiofor primary,secondary andtertiary schools(%)2001/02 cGDP percapita(PPP US$)2002LifeexpectancyindexEducationindexGDPindexHumandevelopmentindex(HDI)value2002GDP percapita (PPPUS$) rankminus HDIrank dHigh human development35 Seychelles 72.7 m 91.9 l 85 18,232 p,q 0.8 0.9 0.87 0.853 -2Medium human development58 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 72.6 81.7 97 h 7,570 v 0.79 0.87 0.72 0.794 664 Mauritius 71.9 84.3 l 69 10,810 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.785 -1592 Tunisia 72.7 73.2 75 h 6,760 0.79 0.74 0.7 0.745 -23105 Cape Verde 70 75.7 73 h 5,000 q 0.75 0.75 0.65 0.717 -12108 Algeria 69.5 68.9 70 h 5,760 q 0.74 0.69 0.68 0.704 -25109 Equatorial Guinea 49.1 84.2 f,k 58 30,130 f,q 0.4 0.76 0.95 0.703 -103119 South Africa 48.8 86 77 10,070 q 0.4 0.83 0.77 0.666 -66120 Egypt 68.6 55.6 f,l 76 f,t 3,810 0.73 0.62 0.61 0.653 -12122 Gabon 56.6 71 w,x 74 h 6,590 0.53 0.72 0.7 0.648 -50123 São Tomé and Principe 69.7 83.1 m 62 1,317 f,s 0.75 0.76 0.43 0.645 29125 Morocco 68.5 50.7 57 3,810 0.72 0.53 0.61 0.62 -17126 Namibia 45.3 83.3 71 6,210 q 0.34 0.79 0.69 0.607 -48128 Botswana 41.4 78.9 70 8,170 0.27 0.76 0.73 0.589 -67131 Ghana 57.8 73.8 46 2,130 q 0.55 0.65 0.51 0.568 -3136 Comoros 60.6 56.2 45 1,690 q 0.59 0.53 0.47 0.53 4137 Swaziland 35.7 80.9 61 4,550 0.18 0.74 0.64 0.519 -37139 Sudan 55.5 59.9 36 1,820 q 0.51 0.52 0.48 0.505 -3141 Cameroon 46.8 67.9 z 56 h 2,000 0.36 0.64 0.5 0.501 -9Low human development143 Togo 49.9 59.6 67 1,480 q 0.41 0.62 0.45 0.495 5144 Congo 48.3 82.8 48 h 980 0.39 0.71 0.38 0.494 17145 Lesotho 36.3 81.4 z 65 2,420 q 0.19 0.76 0.53 0.493 -24146 Uganda 45.7 68.9 71 1,390 q 0.34 0.7 0.44 0.493 4147 Zimbabwe 33.9 90 58 h 2,400 f 0.15 0.79 0.53 0.491 -25148 Kenya 45.2 84.3 53 1,020 0.34 0.74 0.39 0.488 11150 Madagascar 53.4 67.3 f,k 45 740 0.47 0.6 0.33 0.469 20151 Nigeria 51.6 66.8 45 f,t 860 0.44 0.59 0.36 0.466 15152 Mauritania 52.3 41.2 44 2,220 q 0.45 0.42 0.52 0.465 -25154 Djibouti 45.8 65.5 f,k 24 1,990 q 0.35 0.52 0.5 0.454 -21155 Gambia 53.9 37.8 f,k 45 h 1,690 q 0.48 0.4 0.47 0.452 -15156 Eritrea 52.7 56.7 f,k 33 890 q 0.46 0.49 0.36 0.439 8157 Senegal 52.7 39.3 38 h 1,580 0.46 0.39 0.46 0.437 -11159 Rwanda 38.9 69.2 53 1,270 q 0.23 0.64 0.42 0.431 -6160 Guinea 48.9 41 w,x 29 f 2,100 0.4 0.37 0.51 0.425 -30161 Benin 50.7 39.8 52 h 1,070 0.43 0.44 0.4 0.421 -5162 Tanzania, U. Rep. of 43.5 77.1 31 f 580 0.31 0.62 0.29 0.407 12163 Côte d'Ivoire 41.2 49.7 f,k 42 1,520 0.27 0.47 0.45 0.399 -16164 Zambia 32.7 79.9 45 840 0.13 0.68 0.36 0.389 3165 Malawi 37.8 61.8 74 h 580 0.21 0.66 0.29 0.388 9166 Angola 40.1 42 w,} 30 f 2,130 q 0.25 0.38 0.51 0.381 -38167 Chad 44.7 45.8 35 f 1,020 q 0.33 0.42 0.39 0.379 -8168 Congo, Dem. Rep. of the 41.4 62.7 f,k 27 f,{ 650 q 0.27 0.51 0.31 0.365 4169 Central African Republic 39.8 48.6 z 31 1,170 q 0.25 0.43 0.41 0.361 -15170 Ethiopia 45.5 41.5 34 780 q 0.34 0.39 0.34 0.359 -1171 Mozambique 38.5 46.5 41 1,050 q 0.22 0.45 0.39 0.354 -14172 Guinea-Bissau 45.2 39.6 f,k 37 f 710 q 0.34 0.39 0.33 0.35 -1173 Burundi 40.8 50.4 33 630 q 0.26 0.45 0.31 0.339 0174 Mali 48.5 19 f,l 26 f 930 0.39 0.21 0.37 0.326 -11175 Burkina Faso 45.8 12.8 f,l 22 h 1,100 q 0.35 0.16 0.4 0.302 -20176 Niger 46 17.1 19 800 q 0.35 0.18 0.35 0.292 -8177 Sierra Leone 34.3 36 w,x 45 f 520 0.16 0.39 0.28 0.273 -1Source: UNDP (2004)46
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
Page 8 and 9: The African Water Development Repor
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
Page 12: WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
Page 15 and 16: African Water Development Report 20
Page 36: INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
Page 44 and 45: INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
Page 46 and 47: (i) Specific for a certain stress o
Page 48 and 49: Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51: Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 52 and 53: Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
Page 56 and 57: The Environmental Sustainability In
Page 58 and 59: Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
Page 60 and 61: ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
Page 62 and 63: FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
Page 64 and 65: annual flows of rivers and groundwa
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
Page 68 and 69: Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
Page 72 and 73: Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
Page 76 and 77: Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83: Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87: The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89: FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90: Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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African Water Development Report 20
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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