African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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espective of the fact that some other species requirelarge areas of land or water in order to meetFigure 6.8: Threatened Species in African SubregionsTunisiaSudanMoroccoMauritaniaLibyaEgyptAlgeriaThreatened Species in Northern African countriestheir nutritional, migratory, shelter and breedingneeds.AngolaBotswanaLesothoMalawiMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaSouthAfricaSwazilandZambiaZimbabweThreatened Species in Southern African countriesProtecting Ecosystems in Africa0 5 10 15 20Number of SpeciesMammals Birds Fishes Plants0 20 40 60 80 100Number of SpeciesMammals Birds Fishes PlantsThreatened Species in East African countriesThreatened Species in West African countriesUgandaTanzaniaSomaliaSeychellesRéunionMadagascarKenyaEthiopiaEritreaComoros0 50 100 150 200 250 300Number of SpeciesTogoSierraSenegalNigeriaNigerMaliLiberiaGuinea-GuineaGhanaGambiaCôteCape VerdeBurkinaBenin0 50 100 150 200Number of SpeciesMammals Birds Fishes PlantsMammals Birds Fishes PlantsThreatened Species in Central Africa CountriesS. Tomé &Prin.RwandaGabonEquatorialDjiboutiCongo, D. R..CongoChadC. A frican Rep.CameroonBurundi0 100 200 300 400Number of SpeciesMammals Birds Fishes Plants143
African Water Development Report 2006Biodiversity and Protected WetlandsAfrica is home to five internationally recognizedareas of particularly high species richness andendemism, referred to as “biological hot spots”.These include the Western Indian Ocean islands,the Cape floristic region, the Succulent Karoo -the most species-rich desert in the world, the upperGuinea forest and the Eastern Arc MountainBiodiversity and Protected Wetlandsforests of East Africa. Approximately 7 per centof the land falls within protected areas. In total,Africa has 1 254 protected areas, including marineprotected areas, biosphere reserves, wetlandsof international importance and World Heritagesites. Almost all African countries have ratifiedthe Convention on Biodiversity, and the Conventionon International Trade in EndangeredSpecies (UNEP GEO-3, 2002).Figure 6.9 refers to the number of sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance, or “Ramsar sites”,in African countries, as updated in January 2005. Wetlands of International Importance are defined under theConvention on Wetlands as having “international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology orhydrology.”The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty which provides theframework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands andtheir resources. When a country becomes party to the Convention, it agrees to designate at least one wetlandfor inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance (the “Ramsar List”) and to promote its conservation.Though protected areas serve a vital function in protecting the earth’s resources they face many challenges, suchas external threats associated with pollution and climate change, irresponsible tourism, infrastructure developmentand ever-increasing demands for land and water resources. Moreover, many protected areas lack politicalsupport and have inadequate financial and other resources.Note: see Box 6.4 for methodologyAlgeriaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiChadComorosCongoCongo, D. RepCôte d'IvoireDjiboutiEgyptEq. GuineaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSouth AfricaTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaZambia0 5 10 15 20 25 30Source: World Resource Institute: The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.Available on-line at: http://ramsar.org/sitelist.pdf. Gland, Switzerland.144
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159: Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 160 and 161: Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165: Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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