African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Public Participation;(d) Information Collection, Analysis, Managementand Dissemination and improvementof national and transboundary river basinmanagement, planning and coordination;(e) Infrastructure Investment; and(f ) Stand Alone (Special Priority) AreasThe projects are largely envisaged for soft infrastructure,meant to create an enabling environmentin the subregion for further developmentof solid infrastructure projects. The total estimatedcost of the Programme is US$ 138,276,000, of which 21 per cent (about US$ 28, 372,855) has been secured, living a balance of US$109,903,145 which is being needed.West Africa SubregionThe approach pursued by the West Africa Subregionwas directed at creating an Action Plan forIntegrated Water Resources Management, codenamedWARAP-IWRM. The projects under theaction plan were selected through national andsubregional conferences on IWRM. Some of thepriority areas identified were:(a) Implementation of an IWRM process aspart of the National Water Plan of eachcountry of the subregion;(b) Setting up of a framework for regional cooperationon IWRM, aimed at harmonizingpolicies and legislation on water issuesand for exchange of experience;(c) Re-activation of the framework for consultationbetween riparian countries for jointmanagement of shared basins; and(d) Drawing up of national and subregionalstrategies for mobilizing financial resourcesrequired for integrated water resourcesmanagement.The finalization of the project selection was informedby the conclusions of the first and secondNational Focal Points workshops and after a regionalsynthesis had been done; the following arethe thematic programme areas:(a) To support national IWRM plans;(b) To provide specific support to countriesemerging from civil wars in the reconstructionof their water sector;(c) To build the capacity of their people andinstitutions;(d) To undertake regional coordination ofIWRM and WARAP;(e) To establish or reactivate a common frameworkfor riparian countries to jointly manageshared water basins; and(f ) To finance the water sector.The total cost of the identified projects amountsto about US$ 24 million and the projects are expectedto last one to three years.East Africa SubregionThe process of identifying portfolio projects inthe East Africa subregion was carried out underthe auspices and direction of the AMCOW- EATechnical Committee, while the responsibility fornational reports fell on the National Focal Personsappointed in individual countries.As part of the process:Each country prepared:(a) A national report on the implementation ofchap. 18 (Agenda 21 and other WSSD andMDG water targets);(b) A portfolio of water-related projects/programmesfor inclusion in the East Africasubregion’s portfolio of projects/programmes.The AMCOW-EA Secretariat was mandatedto synthesize the above National Reports intoAMCOW-EA Subregional Reports and Portfolioof Projects to be prepared and presented toAMCOW bearing in mind the following recommendations:1. There should be a good mix of projects addressingall key areas i.e. Water Supply andIMPLEMENTATION OF TARGETS UNDER THE Africa Water Vision AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS361
African Water Development Report 2006Sanitation, Water Resources Management,and Water for Production.2. In preparing the projects, there should be aclear link with the MDG and WSSD targetsand National Strategies to ensure consistency.3. Project scopes should be broadened to capturecross-cutting issues which may otherwisebe missed e.g. Projects on Groundwater and Surface water mapping shouldalso include aspects of water resources assessmentand valuation and developmentof management tools as stipulated in theMDGs.4. Emphasis should also be given to projectson Water for Production as this directly relatesto food security, rural industrialization,increased exports and poverty reduction.5. Care should be taken to avoid “stand-aloneprojects”. The projects prepared should belinked to ongoing projects and programmesand should be seen as filling existing gapsrather than being completely new initiatives.6. Efforts should be made to capture thetransboundary aspects in all the proposedprojects so as to bring in some regional dimensionsince AWCOW is a regional initiative.7. Countries should avoid the temptation ofcoming up with long “shopping lists” ofprojects but should instead concentrateon a few (maximum 5) but comprehensiveprojects.The final portfolio of 14 projects was proposedby five countries, namely,. Kenya, Tanzania,Uganda, Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The total financialrequirement for the fourteen projects isestimated at US$ 2,661,650,000 (Two billion sixhundred and sixty one million six hundred andfifty thousand United States Dollars).Central Africa SubregionThe Central African AMCOW oversaw theprocess of establishing an Action Plan by iden-tifying priority projects in the subregion in responseto the WSSD and MDGs water targets.The objective of the Action Plan is to improvethe socio-economic situation in the subregion byimproving its water resources management.The portfolio projects under the Action Planwere formulated to meet the following specificobjectives or strategies:(a) Managing water resources in a responsiblemanner and with wisdom;(b) Mitigating water-related disasters andrisks;(c) Creating an appropriate framework for themanagement, development and operationof water resources systems;(d) Improving hydrological information management;(e) Improving access to appropriate water supplyand sanitation services; and(f ) Developing the necessary infrastructure forwater resources development.The portfolio of projects consists of 34 projectsdistributed among the countries of the subregion,and is expected to cost about US$5.8 billion.North Africa SubregionThe process of identifying and formulating portfolioprojects in the North Africa subregion wasnot indicated in their presentations. The priorityprojects therefore seem to be more country specificthan subregional.The annexes to this chapter contain more detaileddescription of the Action Plans and Portfolio ofProjects for individual subregions of Africa.African Regional Synthesis of Portfolio ProjectsHarmonising the subregional portfolio projectsfor the implementation of the Africa Water Vision,the WSSD and MDG water targets witha strategic application of IWRM and actions toovercome the areas of challenge would produce362
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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