African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainability Index for African CountriesSudanBotswanaYemenNamibiaEthiopiaGabonBurundiCongoC. African Rep.ZimbabweZimbabweLibyaMozambiqueMauritaniaTunisiaAngolaGhanaLiberiaProtecting Ecosystems in AfricaZambiaAlgeriaMoroccoEgyptUgandaSouth AfricaTanzaniaSenegalMalawiMaliKenyaCameroonBeninChadGuineaBurkina FasoSudanGambiaTogoIvory CoastZaireAngolaEthiopiaBurundiRwandaNigerLibyaGuinea BissauMadagascarLiberiaSomaliaNigeriaSierra Leone0 30 60 90 120 150Sierra LeoneEgyptTogoMoroccoMozambiqueRwandaChadNigerKenyaNigeriaBurkina FasoAlgeriaSouth AfricaCôte d'IvoireBeninGuineaGuinea-BissauMalawiGambiaMadagascarTanzaniaSenegalZambiaUgandaTunisiaCameroonGhanaMaliCongoNamibiaCentral Afr. Rep.Gabon0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80151
African Water Development Report 2006Pressures on Freshwater Ecosystems – The World OutlookA wide range of human uses and transformations of freshwater or terrestrial environments can alter,sometimes irreversibly, the integrity of freshwater ecosystems.Human Activity Potential Impact Function at RiskPopulation and consumption growthInfrastructure development (dams,dikes, levees, diversions)Land conversion eliminates keycomponents of aquatic environment,loss of functions, integrity,habitat & biodiversity, alters runoffpatterns, inhibits natural recharge,fills water bodies with siltOverharvesting and exploitationIntroduction of exotic species:Outdoes competition of native species,alters production and nutrientcycling, loss of biodiversityRelease of pollutants to land, air orwaterIncreases water abstraction andacquisition of cultivated land throughwetland drainage. Increases requirementfor all other activities withconsequent risksLoss of integrity alters timing andquantity of river flows, watertemperature, nutrient and sedimenttransport and thus delta replenishment,blocks fish migrationsNatural flood control, habitats forfisheries and waterfowl, recreation,water supply, water quantity andqualityDepletes living resources, ecosystemfunctions and biodiversity(groundwater depletion, fisheriescollapse)Food production, wildlife habitat,recreationPollution of water bodies alterschemistry and ecology of rivers,lakes and wetlands. Greenhouse gasemissions produce dramatic changesin runoff and rainfall patternsVirtually all ecosystem functionsincluding habitat, production andregulation functionsWater quantity and quality, habitats,floodplain fertility, fisheries, deltaeconomiesFood production, water supply,water quality and water quantityWater supply, habitat, water quality,food production. Climate changemay also affect hydropower, dilutioncapacity, transport, flood controlSource: UNESCO WWDR, 2003 (Extracted from the Executive Summary of the WWDR. IUCN, 2000. Vision for Water and Nature. A World Strategyfor Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the 21st Century - Compilation of All Project Documents. Cambridge).152
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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Page 109 and 110: African Water Development Report 20
Page 134 and 135: PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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Page 138 and 139: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Page 146 and 147: Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149: Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151: Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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Page 154 and 155: Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
Page 156 and 157: past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159: Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 162 and 163: Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165: Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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Page 170 and 171: Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
Page 172: United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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