African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

African Water Development Report 2006Country Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs ChickensTanzania, United Rep. 13 376 000 3 955 000 9 682 000 335 000 24 000Togo 248 000 1 200 000 1 900 000 850 000 5 685Uganda 5 150 000 1 850 000 3 450 000 910 000 22 000Former Zaire 1 475 276 1 046 878 4 2 1 2 409 1 191 546 35 000Zambia 3 300 000 69 000 620 000 295 000 22 000Zimbabwe 4 300 000 450 000 2 580 000 246 173 13 500Total 170 523 300 129 468 400 152 738 500 18 864 880 652 712Source: FAO, 1997.Enhancing nutritional statusInternational Targets‣ Reduce by half the number of undernourishedpeople on earth by 2015 (Rome); and‣ Increase water productivity for food productionfrom rain fed and irrigated farming by 30% by2015.The nutritional value of diets in Africa is enhancedby traditional vegetables, oilseeds, fruitsand vegetables (tables 8.12 and 8.13). They addtaste and flavour to the diet, improve palatabilityand help to balance protein, vitamin and mineralintakes. Vegetables and fruits supply vitamins Aand C, iron, calcium and many other micronutrients.An estimated 80 per cent of vitamin Aand more than one-third of vitamin C is suppliedthrough traditional food plants (FAO,1997). Nuts and oilseeds are also good sourcesof protein and energy, valuable supplements inchildren’s diets and useful in preparing snackfoods. Seasonal food scarcity accentuates theseverity and incidence of malnutrition. In orderto overcome such deficiencies, many urban residentsoften resort to backyard gardening.Table 8.12: Some Sources of Food Nutrition in AfricaSource: FAO, 1997 (Adapted from WHO/UNICEF, 1985).MustardParsleyEnergy Fats and oils Protein Iron Vitamin A Vitamin CAvocado Avocado Cacao bean Amaranth Amaranth leaves AnnonaCacao bean Locust bean Cashew nut Banana heart Ampalaya fruits/leaves Baobab fruitBreadfruit Groundnut Cowpea Cassava leaves Carrot Cashew appleCassava Soybean Hyacinth bean Ceylon spinach Cassava leaves CitrusMaize Groundnut Dried beans Ceylon spinach GuavaPotato Pigeon pea Dried fruits Drumstick leaves MangoSweet potato Soybean Drumstick leaves Hot chilli pepper MuskmelonYam Watermelon seed Green onion Mango (ripe)Papaya (uncooked)Potato (white,Irish)Spinach Sorrel SoursopSweet potato leaves SpinachSugar appleSquash leaves Sweet pepperSweet potato leaves204