African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development......................................................................1International and African Milestones..............................................................................................27Indicators - Measuring the Progress of the African Water Vision.....................................................35Freshwater Resources in Africa.......................................................................................................53Water for Meeting Basic Needs......................................................................................................83Protecting Ecosystems in Africa.......................................................................................................125Water and Urban Environments......................................................................................................165Water for Food Security..................................................................................................................191Harnessing Energy for Development...............................................................................................215Managing Risks..............................................................................................................................229Sharing Water for Regional Integration...........................................................................................253Valuing Water................................................................................................................................275Ensuring the Knowledge Base.........................................................................................................299Governing Water Wisely.................................................................................................................341Implementation of Targets under the African Water Visionand the Millennium Development Goals.........................................................................................359Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................................367iii
The Africa Water Development Reporting Process was initiated and coordinated by Stephen Maxwell Donkor, Ph.D Coordinator ofthe UN Water/Africa Secretariat at ECA- Email: donkor@un.org and this synthesis was prepared by: Kodwo Andah, PhD ScientificCoordinator Water Resources Research and Documentation Centre Perugia University for Foreigners Villa la Colombella, 06080Colombella (PG), Italy E-mail : kandah@unistrapg.it with the assistance of the following Consultants:CountryWEST AFRICABENINGABONNIGERNIGERIAOMVSCENTRALAFRICACameroonDemocratic Republicof CongoRepublic of CongoBurundiEAST AFRICAEthiopiaNORTH AFRICATunisiaMauritaniaAlgeriaMoroccoEgyptSudanLibyaNorth AfricaSynthesisSOUTHERNAFRICASwazilandZambiaMozambiqueBotswanaLesothoZimbabweSouth AfricaMalawiAngolaMauritiusSouthern AfricaSynthesisNameBoukari MoussaLasseny C. OliverLarmie Abdelkader DodoMatthew OffodileAbubacar N’DaoMathias FontehTanania KabobJean-Michel OsseteDennis BarandenjeKefyalew AchamylehHassen Lofti FriguiBaba O. SoufiLadjel MahmoudMokthar BizouiKhaled Abu-ZeidAbdalla AhmedOmar SalemMokhtar BizouiEmmanuel MwenderaJonathan. KampataJuzio Dinis luisJaap ArntzenSechocha MakhoalibeDominic MazvimaviBrian HollingworthOsborne ShelaManuel QuintinoMantha Devi NowbuthEmmanuel MwenderaContributors ofboxesMs. Saskia IvensMs. Azeb AsnakeMs. Adwoa PaintsilReviewerDr Kodwo AndahMs. Tacko NdiayeMr Adrian GauciMs. Claudia SchaferMr. Bob MunroDr. Mathias FontehDr. Khaled Abu-ZeidMr Philippe LemperiereMr Andrew MakokhaMr Sethdoe VordzogbeMr Tefera WoudenehDr. Salif DiopMr. Mohammed TawfikMr. Datius RubatsoyaDr. Emmanuel NaahDr. Daniel AdomMs. Saskia IvensDr. Gladys MutamgaraMr. Lamine GueyeDr. Stephen Maxwell DonkorCopy EditorUN Water Africa ProductionTeamMr. Yinka AdeyemiMs. Aster GebremariamMs. Eleni HamawiMs. Elleni NegashMs. Tehetena AlemuUNECA-Southern Africa OfficeAddis Ababa Water and SewerageAuthority, Ethiopia.Ghana Water ResourcesCommissionOrganizationUniversity of Perugia, ItalyUNECAUNECAWorld BankUNEP/UNESCO ConsultantUniversity of Dschang,CameroonCEDARE, EgyptIWMIWorld BankUN ISDR ConsultantAfrican Development BankUNEPWMOWMOUNESCOUN HABITATUNECA SRO-SAUNECA SRO-SAUNECA SRO-NAUNECAMr. Emmanuel NwukorEditorProgram AssistantAdministrative AssistantCoordinating AssistantNational ReportingCoordinator
Page 2 and 3: AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
Page 8 and 9: The African Water Development Repor
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
Page 12: WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
Page 15 and 16: African Water Development Report 20
Page 36: INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
Page 44 and 45: INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
Page 46 and 47: (i) Specific for a certain stress o
Page 48 and 49: Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51: Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 52 and 53: Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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African Water Development Report 20
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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United Nations Population Divison (
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
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Water Resources Management In Afric
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ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
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Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
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The present day call for integrated
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cipitation monitoring; determinatio
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processes and situations or to an o
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Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
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The requisite enabling environment
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African countries can obviously not
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the science and technology of the s
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Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
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(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
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Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
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particular relevance to data collec
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of water in agriculture through imp
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The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
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IWRM Course Participants according
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5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
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IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
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Public Participation;(d) Informatio
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a regional framework for Africa as
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Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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