African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIONIWRM’S overriding principle is the adoption ofa holistic approach to combine water resourcesmanagement with ecosystem conservation needs,using the river basin as the base unit (Andah,1987, 2003). The question is what type of riverbasin? Is it the physically observable one whoseboundaries are geographically delineated or theinseparable form-process interactive unit? Theriver drainage network is therefore a complexsystem with inseparable attributes of form andprocess necessary for the management of waterresources in harmony with the environment. Inall scientific works in which the systems analysisis applied to morphology, physical geography andhydrology, the river network system is the closestto the principle of structural development inwhich an elementary water system continuouslydevelops into a complex large river system of networksof branches, tributaries and streams. Thisexplains why water basins are said to know noethnic, regional, national or international boundariesas well as the concept that transboundaryriver basins must be considered and analyzed usingan integrated framework (Andah, 2002).within the catchment areas of one or more transboundaryriver systems.Table 11.1 lists some major transboundaryriver/lake basins in Africa and the Map belowshows approximate boundaries of some of thesetransboundary river/lake basins. Twelve Africancountries are linked to four or more river basins– a good example is Cameroon as shown in table11.2. Some of the shared water basins containa tremendous amount and variety of naturalresources potentials, including cross-boundaryhydropower generation, large-scale multi-countryirrigation schemes, inter- and intra-countrynavigation, joint inland fisheries development,joint use of water supply sources, environmentalprotection, wildlife conservation, recreationand eco-tourism development. The Congo RiverBasin alone holds almost 30 per cent of Africa’stotal fresh surface water reserves and the world’slargest hydropower potential in any one singleriver basin (see Box 11.1). Not only will integrateddevelopment of these transboundary naturalresources contribute substantially to the socioeconomicdevelopment of the riparian countriessharing them, it will also promote and enhancesubregional and regional cooperation for economicintegration in Africa. Such an integrateddevelopment of resources for the benefit of allrequires enhanced cooperation among the ripariancountries sharing them.SHARING WATER FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATIONTransboundary Water Basins in AfricaMost of the fresh surface water resources of Africaare found in a number of major transboundaryriver/lake basins – some shared by as many asten African countries. The continent has over 80major transboundary river/lake basins, some ofwhich are among the largest in the world. About55 of the world’s 200 major international riversare in Africa - a number greater than in anyother continent. Some of these basins are sharedby as many as ten or more African countries, andten major river basins are shared by more thanfour African countries. The political boundariesof fourteen African countries almost entirely fallThe Second Principle of the RioDeclaration:“States have, in accordance with the Charter of theUnited Nations and the principles of internationallaw, the sovereign right to exploit their own resourcespursuant to their own environmental anddevelopment policies, and the responsibility to ensurethat activities within their jurisdiction or controldo not cause damage to the environment of otherStates or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.”253
African Water Development Report 2006Figure 11.1: Transboundary River Basins in Africa (ECA, 2000)A common vision of riverine countries is needed for the effective, efficient and environmentally sustainable managementof transboundary water resources. Growing tension mandates a promotion of cooperation in order toensure the equitable sharing of the world’s water resources. It has been demonstrated that cooperation, ratherthan conflict, is the norm for transboundary waters, a trend that should continue. (Third Global EnvironmentalOutlook Report-GEO 3).254
Page 2 and 3:
AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
Page 6 and 7:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
Page 8 and 9:
The African Water Development Repor
Page 10 and 11:
INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
Page 12:
WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
Page 15 and 16:
African Water Development Report 20
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 36:
INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 44 and 45:
INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
Page 46 and 47:
(i) Specific for a certain stress o
Page 48 and 49:
Water and ecosystemWater and indust
Page 50 and 51:
Purpose: Global water security prov
Page 52 and 53:
Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
Page 54 and 55:
Human Development Index (HDI): This
Page 56 and 57:
The Environmental Sustainability In
Page 58 and 59:
Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
Page 60 and 61:
ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
Page 62 and 63:
FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
Page 64 and 65:
annual flows of rivers and groundwa
Page 66 and 67:
Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
Page 68 and 69:
Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
Page 70 and 71:
Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
Page 72 and 73:
Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
Page 76 and 77:
Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
Page 78 and 79:
Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
Page 82 and 83:
Although some African countries hav
Page 84 and 85:
Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
Page 86 and 87:
The problem of wastewater disposal
Page 88 and 89:
FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
Page 90:
Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 134 and 135:
PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
Page 136 and 137:
abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
Page 138 and 139:
Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
Page 142 and 143:
Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
Page 144 and 145:
Fertilisers are also a potential th
Page 146 and 147:
Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
Page 148 and 149:
Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
Page 150 and 151:
Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
Page 152 and 153:
espective of the fact that some oth
Page 154 and 155:
Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
Page 156 and 157:
past few decades, population densit
Page 158 and 159:
Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
Page 160 and 161:
Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
Page 162 and 163:
Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
Page 164 and 165:
Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
Page 166 and 167:
South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
Page 168 and 169:
of interdependent factors which adv
Page 170 and 171:
Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
Page 172:
United Nations Population Divison (
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212: African Water Development Report 20
Page 264 and 265: Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
Page 266 and 267: Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
Page 268 and 269: Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
Page 270 and 271: the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
Page 272 and 273: 1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
Page 274 and 275: countries in the southern portion o
Page 276 and 277: to manage water resources among rip
Page 278 and 279: non-payment of financial dues. Some
Page 280 and 281: Table 11.5: Some Basic Features of
Page 282: Water Resources Management In Afric
Page 308 and 309: ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
Page 310 and 311: polluted due to overgrazing, and ce
Page 312 and 313:
Box 16.2: Indigenous Knowledge on C
Page 314 and 315:
The present day call for integrated
Page 316 and 317:
cipitation monitoring; determinatio
Page 318 and 319:
processes and situations or to an o
Page 320 and 321:
Capacity Building in AfricaFrom the
Page 322 and 323:
The requisite enabling environment
Page 324 and 325:
African countries can obviously not
Page 326 and 327:
the science and technology of the s
Page 328 and 329:
Box 16.9: Research Institutions in
Page 330 and 331:
Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe
Page 332 and 333:
(a) Journal of Hydraulic Research:
Page 334 and 335:
Key Outputs: The first steps for th
Page 336 and 337:
Figure 16.6: Number of Radios per 1
Page 338 and 339:
particular relevance to data collec
Page 340 and 341:
of water in agriculture through imp
Page 342 and 343:
The UNESCO Water Portal is intended
Page 344 and 345:
IWRM Course Participants according
Page 346 and 347:
5.. Alemayehu Tafesse (Ethiopia), 2
Page 348:
GLOWA info gsf website: http://www.
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 368 and 369:
IMPLEMENTATIONOF TARGETS UNDERTHE A
Page 370 and 371:
Public Participation;(d) Informatio
Page 372 and 373:
a regional framework for Africa as
Page 374:
Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379:
show all

African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?