African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

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Global Water Partnership ToolboxThe purpose of the IWRM ToolBox developedby the Global Water Partnership on IntegratedWater Resources Management, is to make availableto water management professionals the richstore of experience acquired by water practitioners,specialists and decision makers worldwide.The ToolBox builds on this experience and seeksto provide a forum for sharing knowledge andexperience. The ToolBox has therefore been designedby the Global Water Partnership to supportthe development of Integrated Water ResourcesManagement (IWRM) worldwide.The structure for the Tools in the ToolBox isbased on the following tree fundamental elementsof IWRM:(a) The enabling environment or rules of thegame created through legislation, policyand financing structures;(b) The institutional roles of resource managers,service providers, irrigation agencies,utilities, river basin authorities, regulatorsand other water sector stakeholders. Capacitybuilding supports for the functionsrequired in the various roles;(c) Management instruments: water resourcesassessment, demand management, publicinformation and education, conflict resolution,regulatory devices, economic measuresand information and communications.Professional Bodies, and Scientific andTechnical PublicationsAs a result of the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinarynature of water resources, water professionalsbelong to one or several professionalbodies. They usually begin with membershipof the body pertaining to their first graduationand as they progress professionally join others ofrelevance. Sometimes the number of bodies indicatesthe level of diversification that a professionalhas gone through. In terms of knowledgeand technology transfer, professional bodies setup platforms in the form of periodic congressesand assemblies on which the progress and advancesin science and technology are discussedand compared through presentation of scientificand technical papers. These presentations arenormally published as proceedings for generalcirculation. Generally professional bodies canbe:(a) National and Regional;(b) International Specialized Societies; or(c). Interdisciplinary bodies.Publications on scientific and technological developmentsin water resources have since timeimmemorial served as one of the most effectivemeans of knowledge and information diffusionand transfer (Box 16.12). They have passedthrough the manuscripts of ancient times to thepresent day electronic publishing. The inventionof the printing technology in the mid-fifteenthENSURING THE KNOWLEDGE BASEBox 16.12Some of the most diffused international water related journals and bulletins, including their respective publishersand institutions are listed below::(a) International Journal for Development Technology, published by International Centre for Technical research;(b) International journal of Nordic Hydrology, published by Nordic Association for Hydrology..(c) International Journal of Water Resources Management, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers for theEuropean Water Resources Association.;(d) International Journal on Hydrological Processes, published by Wiley Interscience;(e) Journal of American Water Resources Association(f) Journal of Hydrological Sciences published by the International Association of hydrological Sciences(g) Journal of Natural Hazards, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers on behalf of the International Societyfor the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards(h) Journal of Water Resources Research, published by the American Geophysical Union321
African Water Development Report 2006The African Water JournalThe pilot edition of the African Water Journal was launched during the Pan-African Partnership and Implementation Conference on Water held fromDecember 8-13, 2003 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Subsequent publications are in the pipeline. Papers are hereby invited fromall water sector professionals and practitioners for publication in the nexteditions of the Journal. All contributed papers to the Journal shall be peerreviewedaccording to the following criteria:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Quality of Analyses;Quality of Data;Completeness of Information;Consistency in use of IndicatorsQuality of Writing;Adherence to adapted structure.Figure 16.5: Front Cover ofAfrican Water JournalThematic AreasTo ensure that the Journal contributes effectively to future versions of theAfrican Water Development Report, the following thematic areas havebeen adopted in consonance with the World Water Development Report(WWDR):1. Meeting Basic Needs – for safe and sufficient water and sanitation.2. Securing Food Supply – especially for the poor and the vulnerable through more effective use of water.3. Protecting Ecosystems – ensuring their integrity via sustainable water resource management.4. Sharing Water Resources – promoting peaceful cooperation between different uses of water and betweenthe States concerned, through such approaches as sustainable river basin management.5. Managing Risks – to provide security from a range of water-related hazards.6. Valuing Water – to manage water in the light of its different values (economic, social, environmental, cultural)and to move towards pricing water to recover the costs of service provision, taking account of equity andthe needs of the poor and vulnerable.7. Governing Water Wisely – involving the public and the interests of all stakeholders.8. Water and Industry – promoting cleaner industry with respect to water quality and the needs of other users.9. Water and Energy – assessing water’s key role in energy production to meet the rising energy demands.10. Ensuring the Knowledge Base – so that water knowledge becomes more universally available.11. Water and Cities – recognizing the distinctive challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.To be considered, papers must be written in English or French and address any of the above thematic areas.century gave a boost to publications on waterscience and technology. Scientific and technicalpublications on water resources can be disciplinary,multidisciplinary or inter-disciplinary.Constraints on Intellectual Rights: Publicationsas a means of knowledge and informationtransfer are not free from intellectual propertyright control in the form of copyright. It is interestingto note that although such publicationsare produced by organizations and institutionsdedicated to knowledge and informationexchange and transfer for capacity building inwater resources, they adhere to copyright laws atdifferent levels of strictness. Three examples aregiven below for demonstration purposes:322
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AFRICANWATERDEVELOPMENTREPORT2006
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CONTENTSWater for Sustainable Socio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis is the final v
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The African Water Development Repor
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INTRODUCTION - WATER FOR SUSTAINABL
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WATER FORSUSTAINABLESOCIO-ECONOMICD
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African Water Development Report 20
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INTERNATIONALAND AFRICANMILESTONESN
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INDICATORS -MEASURING THEPROGRESS O
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(i) Specific for a certain stress o
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Water and ecosystemWater and indust
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Purpose: Global water security prov
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Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indi
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Human Development Index (HDI): This
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The Environmental Sustainability In
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Significant Indicators - Libya1. Li
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ReferencesAfrica Facts: http://www.
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FRESHWATERRESOURCES INAFRICAThe mai
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annual flows of rivers and groundwa
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Fig. 4.3: Actual Renewable Water in
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Box 4.1: Water Availability and Ser
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Table 4.9: Surface Water by Watersh
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Table 4.12: Dynamics of Water Use,
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Figure 4.7: Major Groundwater Withd
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Annual freshwater withdrawals in Ea
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Fig. 4.12: Percentage of Domestic,
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Table 4.15: Desalination capacities
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Although some African countries hav
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Fig. 4.17: Water Poverty Index by S
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The problem of wastewater disposal
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FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICASourc
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Water Conference, December 3-7, 200
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PROTECTINGECOSYSTEMSIN AFRICAThe pr
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abstracted and flow regulated. Irri
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Figure 6.3: Water Availability and
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Table 6.4: Indication of the Microb
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Fertilisers are also a potential th
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Box 6.2Pollution Control - The Ethi
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Fig. 6.2: Freshwater Ecosystem Area
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Region/Country Mammals Birds Flower
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espective of the fact that some oth
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Protected areas in Africa occupy sl
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past few decades, population densit
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Fig. 6.12: Urban Ecosystem and Buil
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Fig. 6.13 Environmental Sustainabil
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Case Study: Sediment Control andAqu
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Fig 6.15: Comparison of Rainfall, D
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South Africa and Bophuthatswana. (D
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of interdependent factors which adv
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Referencesafrol News, 2001: Lake Ch
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SHARING WATERFOR REGIONALINTEGRATIO
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Table 11.1: Some Major Transboundar
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Table 11.3: Types of Management Ins
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Box 11.3Emerging Principles Underly
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the 1950s severely disrupted tradit
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1000 to 2000 cubic meters (m3) per
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countries in the southern portion o
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to manage water resources among rip
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non-payment of financial dues. Some
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Page 308 and 309: ENSURING THEKNOWLEDGE BASESince anc
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Page 334 and 335: Key Outputs: The first steps for th
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Page 374: Programme SubRegion Estimated Costs
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