African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

Table 5.1: Adopted targets and indicators for use in the first Cameroon Water DevelopmentReportTargets1. To reduce by 25% the proportion ofpeople without access to safe and adequatewater supply by the year 2005,by 75% by the year 2015 and by 95%by the year 2025.2. To reduce by 25% the proportionof people without access to safe andadequate sanitation by the year 2005,by 70% by the year 2015 and by 95%by the year 2025.Holistic indicators for sustainable developmentThe Water Poverty Index (WPI): This is aneasy-to-use indicator designed to provide a standardizedframework for monitoring how bestwater can be managed to meet the basic needsof development. Monitoring progress in the watersector requires an interdisciplinary approachthat may involve both qualitative and quantitativeassessment techniques. These should be integratedin such a way as to allow a range of issuesto be addressed, while at the same time allowingthe views and values of a range of stakeholdersto be represented. The Water Poverty Index(WPI) measures, for a given country, the impactof water scarcity and water provision on humanpopulations. WPI is a number between 0 and100, where a low score indicates water povertyand a high score indicates good water provision.WPI is the culmination of an interdisciplinaryapproach that combines the physical quantitiesrelating to water availability and the socio-economicfactors relating to poverty to produce anindicator that addresses the diverse factors thataffect water resources management.Indicators• Actual and total water supply coverage (urban, rural disparities)• Actual and total sanitation coverage (urban, rural disparities)• % or number of people not served with basic sanitation• % or number of people not served with improved drinking waterand extension of piped water supply• Investment in drinking water supply and sanitation• % of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of water resources developmentand compliance with HIA recommendations• Incidence of water-related diseases like diarrhoea, cholera, andmalaria.The scores of the index range on a scale of 1 -100, with the total being generated as a weightedadditive value of five major components, wherea low score indicates water poverty and a highscore indicates good water provision. Each of the5 components is also scored on a scale of 1 - 100,and they are:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)Resource: The measure of ground and surfacewater availability, adjusted for qualityand reliability;Access: Indicates the effective access peoplehave to water for their survival;Use: Captures some measure of how wateris used, including sectoral shares;Capacity: Represents human and financialcapacity to manage the system; andEnvironment: Tries to capture an evaluationof ecological integrity related to waterINDICATORS - MEASURING THE PROGRESS OF THE Africa Water VisionThe Water Poverty Index is therefore based onthe formulation of a holistic framework for waterresources evaluation, which incorporates a widerange of variables in keeping with the SustainableLivelihoods Approach used by many donororganisations to evaluate development progress.43