African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

Table 8.14 Actual and Projected Irrigation Surface Areas in Burundi (hectares)Type of irrigation North Central KabeziRumonge,South ImboSouth MossoareaImbo Imbo PlainLake NyanzaActual Irrigation Area968 5.975 0 0 0 920(1990 -1994)Actual Irrigation Area5.995 900 0 0 0 920in 2000Projected Irrigation5.995 14.285 0 0 0 920Area in 2010Irrigable Area 0 0 800 1.000 3.080 920Source: AWDR National Report.WATER FOR FOOD SECURITYEstimates for the Democratic Republic of theCongo, for instance, vary from 1 to 40 millionhectares and the irrigation potential of theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, estimated ataround 40,000 hectares in the literature, is probablyonly a small portion of the physical potentialof the country. Bearing these uncertaintiesin mind, it can be noticed that about 60 per centof the irrigation potential is concentrated withinseven African countries (Angola, Sudan, Egypt,the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia,Mozambique and Nigeria), while at the otherend of the list, 18 countries share only 5 percent of this potential (FAO, 1995).area). Among the other classes of water management,cultivated wetlands, valley bottoms andrecession cropping are a majority (15 per cent ofthe total). Apart from full and partial control irrigation,which is present in almost all countries,the other categories are usually concentrated in afew countries. Recession cropping is mainly usedon the rims of Rivers Niger and Senegal and oftheir tributaries, or along the Logone, Chari, theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Molopoand Okavango. The fadamas of north-westernNigeria, classified here as recession cropping dueto lack of detailed information on their degreeTable 8.15: Estimated Net and Gross Irrigation Water Requirement in CameroonIrrigationTypeArea,haIrrigationrequirementper year, mNetconsumption,km 3ApplicationefficiencyGrossconsumption,km 3Large-scale sprinkler forbananas6,790 0.45 0.03 0.50 0.06Large-scaleirrigated paddy rice15,000 1.00 0.15 0.30 0.50Small-scale systems ofvarious types used for different18,000 0.50 0.09 0.50 0.18cropsTotal consumption, km 3 0.27 0.74Source: AWDR National Report.Water Management Methods ofIrrigationAmong the five classes of water managementpresented in Table 8.16, full or partial controlirrigation is the most widespread (81% of theof development, represent 70 per cent of thatcategory. Spate irrigation is concentrated in theMaghreb and the Horn of Africa. When analysingirrigation techniques used in the full andpartial control schemes, it appears that surfaceirrigation is by far the most widely used technique(more than 80 per cent of the total). How-207