African Water Development Report 2006 - United Nations Economic ...

Although some African countries have highannual averages of available water per capita,many others already or will soon face waterstress (1700 m3 or less per person annually)or scarcity conditions (1 000 m3 or less perperson annually). Currently, 14 countries inAfrica are subject to water stress or waterscarcity, with those in northern Africa facingthe worst prospects (Figure 4.13, JohnsHopkins 1998). A further 11 countries (seemap) will join them in the next 25 years( Johns Hopkins 1998) while Figure 4.14gives about 20 countries (CESR, 2000).Figure 4.14: Estimated Extreme Water Stress in African Countries (1961-1990 avg.)% Country under Water Stress1009080706050403020100TunisiaEgyptLibyaMoroccoAlgeriaSouth AfricaNigerSudanSomaliaEthiopiaNigeriaNamibiaZimbabweBotswanaMozambiqueMauritaniaSenegalMaliChadMadagascarKenyaGhanaZambiaBurundiCentralRwandaLiberiaBeninAngolaCameroonTogoBurkinaUgandaTanzaniaGabonGuinea-Cote d'IvoireGuineaSierraMalawiFRESHWATER RESOURCES IN AFRICACountrySource: Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.orgNote: These data are derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, Universityof Kassel, Germany, using grid cell estimates for every country of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available within agrid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents, and the percentage of the territory under severe water stress was calculated.Fig. 15: Expected Projected Water Deficits in Libya1000080006000Mm3/yr400020000-2000-4000-60002005 2015 2025YearsDemandSupplyDeficitSource: AWDR National Report, 200573