Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

15.2.2 A simple test to determine toxicity using bacteria 1105
Chemical tested Rhizobium,
m moles
Microtox,
m moles
Rat,
m moles
IC50,
m moles
Daphnia,
m moles
HLD,
m moles
rat hepat,
m moles
hexachlorophene 0.0002 0.019 0.138 0.0068 0.00027 0.002
isopropyl alcohol 950 380 83.2 90.5 155 41.7 304
iron II sulfate 0.32 0.782 2.089 0.302 3.020 1.621
lindane 0.141 21.9 0.263 0.36 0.0056 0.144
malithion 0.112 0.479 0.871 0.741
mercury II chloride 0.00006 0.0002 3.715 0.00013 0.107 0.003
methanol 2130 912 178 673 661 52.5 906
nicotine 6.1 0.224 0.309 4.52 0.0.23 0.11 3.581
orphenadrine HCI* 1.168 0.005 0.832 0.033 0.098 0.114
paraquat 0.262 2.344 0.224 0.1 0.166 1.176
pentachlorophenol 0.00054 0.02 0.1 0.025 0.0022 0.098 0.05
phenol 13 0.186 3.39 4.25 0.077 1.48 0.797
potassium chloride 290 493 34.6 490 0.288 92.22
potassium cyanide 0.225 0.275 0.0776 1 0.0141 0.437 0.783
quinidine sulfate 0.422 1.202 0.617 0.036 0.0797 0.129
sodium chloride 288 562 51.3 60.3 17 102
sodium oxalate >13 5.428 0.582
theophylline 1.926 13.8 1.349 2.63 0.724 2.175
1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.583 0.342 77.6 6.71 1.48
warfarin 1.781 0.209 0.005 0.67 1.549 0.0219 0.139
xylene 1.24 0.079 34.6 0.851 0.468 17.47
M w = molecular weight of the compound; n = number of times compound was tested; var = variation in the results,
the standard deviation /mean\ toxicity reported as mmoles toxin for the IC50 for the test. The rat test is an LD50.
Rhizobium data are from this work. Microtox TM , HLD, and Daphnia data are from Calleja, (1993). The IC50 data
(pooled data from animal cell tests) is from Halle et al., 1993. Rat hepatocyte data is from Shrivastava (1992). The
IC50 samples include only 20 chemicals. The other methods involve about 34 chemicals.
In Table 15.2.2.3 the results of comparisons among these tests are summarized. The
data from these 6 determinations were plotted, one assay versus another assay, the regression
coefficient noted and the correlation coefficient calculated. The Rhizobium assay was
the most sensitive for 12 of 33 chemicals. The Microtox assay was most sensitive for 6 of
the compounds. The IC50 assay was most sensitive for 6 of the compounds. The Daphnia
test was most sensitive to 10 of the compounds. The average values for the toxicity of the
chemicals was lowest for the IC50, but then it was also the test with the fewest values included.