Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

146 Christian Wohlfarth
2 See, e.g., J.T. Hynes, in Ultrafast Dynamics of Chemical Systems, edited by J.D. Simon, Kluwer,
Dordrecht, 1994, pp. 345-381; L.D. Zusman, Zeit. Phys. Chem., 186, 1 (1994); S. Roy and B. Bagchi,
J. Chem. Phys., 102, 6719; 7937 (1995).
3 P. G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys., 86, 5133 (1987).
4 I. Rips, J. Klafter and J. Jortner, J. Chem. Phys., 88, 3246 (1988); 89, 4288 (1988).
5 D. F. Calef and P. G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys., 78, 4145 (1983).
6 B. Bagchi and A. Chandra, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 7338 (1989); 91, 2594 (1989); 97, 5126 (1992).
7 F.O Raineri, H. Resat, B-C Perng, F. Hirata and H.L. Friedman, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 1477 (1994)
8 R. F. Loring and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 87, 1272 (1987); L. E. Fried and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys.,
93, 932 (1990).
9 A. A. Kornyshev. A. M. Kuznetsov, D. K. Phelps and M. J. Weaver, J. Chem. Phys., 91, 7159 (1989).
10 See, e.g. M. Maronelli and G.R. Fleming JCP, 89, 5044 (1988); M. Maroncelli, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 2084
(1991); Perera and Berkowitz, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 3092 (1992); P.V. Kumar and M. Maroncelli, J. Chem.
Phys., 103, 3038 (1995).
11 (a) E. Neria and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys., 96, 5433 (1992).
(b) R. Olender and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys., 102, 7180 (1995).
(c) P. Graf and A. Nitzan, Chem. Phys., 235, 297(1998).
12 A. Mozumder in Electron-solvent and anion- solvent interactions, L. Kevan and B. Webster, Editors,
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976.
13 M. Maronelli and G.R. Fleming in Ref. 11.
14 E.A. Carter and J.T. Hynes, JCP, 94, 2084 (1991).
15 J. W. de Leeuw, J. W. Perram and E. R. Smith, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 37, 245 (1986).
16 C. J. F. Böttcher and P. Bordewijc, Theory of Electric Polarization, 2nd. ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978,
Vol. 2, Chap. 10.
17 M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesely, Computer Simulation of Liquids, Oxford, London, 1989).
18 H. C. Andersen, J. Chem. Phys., 72, 2384 (1980).
19 See, e.g. M. Maroncelli, in Ref. 11.
20 E. A. Carter and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 94, 5961 (1991).
21 M. Maroncelli, V.P. Kumar and A. Papazyan, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 13 (1993).
22 L. Perera and M.L. Berkowitz, J. Chem. Phys., 97, 5253 (1992).
23 L. Onsager, Can. J. Chem., 55, 1819 (1977).
24 R. Biswas and B. Bagchi, Chem. Phys. Lett., 290 (1998).
25 V. Itah and D. Huppert, Chem. Phys. Lett., 173, 496 (1990); E. Bart and D. Huppert, ibid. 195, 37 (1992).
26 C.F. Chapman and M. Maroncelli, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 9095 (1991).
27 E. Neria and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys., 100, 3855 (1994).
28 B.M. Ladanyi and M. Maroncelli, J. Chem. Phys., 109, 3204 (1998); M. Berg, J. Phys. Chem., A102, 17
(1998); Chem. Phys., 233, 257, (1998).
4.4 METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOLVENT ACTIVITY
OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS
Christian Wohlfarth
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry,
Merseburg, Germany, e-mail: Wohlfarth@chemie.uni-halle.de
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION
Knowledge of solvent activities in polymer solutions is a necessity for a large number of industrial
and laboratory processes. Such data are an essential tool for understanding the thermodynamic
behavior of polymer solutions, for studying their intermolecular interactions
and for getting insights into their molecular nature. Besides, they are the necessary basis for
any development of theoretical thermodynamic models. Scientists and engineers in academic
and industrial research need such data.