Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

1404 Kaye H. Kilburn
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20.9 TOXICITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOLVENT EXPOSURE FOR
BRAIN, LUNG AND HEART
Kaye H. Kilburn
School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA, USA
This chapter considers the neurobehavioral effects of environmental exposures to organic
solvents. Much information applicable to environmental or community exposures usually at
home came from animal experiments, brief human exposures in chambers and prolonged
workplace exposures. The mode of entry of solvent chemicals into the body is almost always
by inhalation not by contact or ingestion. 1 While inhalational exposures to single
chemicals occur in the community mixtures are usual making measurements more complex.
Effects from animal experiments, and human exposures in chambers, and workplace
exposures are usually consistent and help predict environmental effects. The major categories
of environmental exposures to solvents are from petroleum refining to consumer use indoors,
Table 20.9.1. Sometimes adverse human effects are from surprisingly small
environmental doses, an order of magnitude or two lower than those needed for workplace