Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

18.2 Prediction of organic solvents emission 1227
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18.2 PREDICTION OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS EMISSION DURING
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Krzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska
Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland
18.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The concentration of toxic substances in air during technological process is very important
factor for occupational safety. Typical examples of processes, which have the potential to
harm workers, are metal degreasing, painting, and wood impregnation.
If metal processing involves several steps some of which may be done in more than
one manufacturing facility, the semi-processed metal parts must be protected during
transportation and storage. Such protective coatings of grease and rust preventatives must
be removed in degreasing operation. For many processes (e.g., painting, galvanic metal deposition),
clean surface is an important requirement. The cleaning process may be done in
automated and enclosed equipment or it may be done manually in the open. The degreasing
agent may be an organic solvent, a solvent blend, or a water solution, usually alkaline in nature.
Depending on the process used the operation may pose no risk to the worker or be a serious
occupational hazard. Similarly environmental emissions may be negligible or of serious
concern.
We present a method of evaluating the quantities of emissions from such processes
which involve solvents. The method may be applied to such diverse operations as painting,
wood preservation, impregnation of porous materials, gluing, cleaning, filing open tanks,
general solvent handling operations, and many others.
We have selected metal degreasing as a representative example to demonstrate how
the method may be applied.
18.2.2 METHODS OF DEGREASING
Six methods can be identified which differ in the degreasing agent used: