Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

22.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation 1569
Table 22.4.3. Comparison of estimated costs for similarly sized PCO, carbon
adsorption, and thermal oxidation VOC treatment systems
Direct Costs
Purchased Equipment (PE)
Photoreactor 1
Condenser/Chiller 2
Instrumented
Blower/Scrubber Skid 3
Total PE (TPE) 4
Installation
Solar PCO
non-concentrating
14,000
10,625
60,000
91,395
27,419
Carbon Adsorption
74,500 5
22,350
Thermal Oxidation
100,500 5
30,150
Total Direct Costs 118,814 96,850 130,650
Indirect Costs
Indirect Installation Costs 7 29,923 24,391 32,904
Total Capital Required 8
Operating Costs
148,736 121,241 163,554
9
Electricity
Fuel 10
2,880
1,440
1,440
0
0
5,000
Maintenance, Labor and Material 20,376
19,308
20,952
Direct Annual Costs
23,256
25,748
27,392
Indirect Annual Costs
8,664
7,063
9,527
Total Annual Costs 31,920 32,811 36,919
Levelized Cost 12
56,135 25,549 63,456
Levelized Cost/CFM 281 263 318
1
IST Corp., Golden, CO. Non-concentrating reactor cost is current and estimated price reductions anticipated from
economies of scale at higher production levels.
2
Peters and Timmerhaus, 1991.
3
Zentox Corp., Ocala, FL. Concentrating vs. non-concentrating is primarily a function of instrumentation level.
4
Includes 0.08 x PE for taxes and freight (Vatavuk, 1994).
5
Calculated using EPAs HAPPRO v.2.1 software.
6
0.38 x PE (Vatavuk, 1994).
7
0.28 x TPE, including engineering costs, construction fee, and start-up costs (Vatavuk, 1994)
8
Includes 6% contingency.
9
Based on $0.08/kWh, 10 kW blower and chiller costs.
10
Based on $0.33/ccf natural gas.
11
0.06 x Total Capital Required for taxes, insurance, and administration.
12
Based on 10% interest rate, 10 year depreciation.
REFERENCES
Ayer, J. and Darvin, C. H., 1995, “Cost Effective VOC Emission Control Strategies for Military, Aerospace, and
Industrial Paint Spray Booth Operations: Combining Improved Ventilation Systems with Innovative, Low-Cost
Emission Control Technologies”, Proceedings of the 88th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association,
Vol. 4B, 95-WA77A.02.
Blake, D.M., 1996, Bibliography of Work on the Heterogenous Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds
from Water and Air, Update Number 2 to October 1996. NREL/TP-430-22197. Golden, CO: National Renewable
Energy Laboratory.
Bekbolet, M. and Balcioglu, I., 1996, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 73-80.