Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

18.4 Solvent uses with exposure risks 1263
nary cyclohexanol level of 54.5 mg/l (23.3 mg/g creatinine) was found to correspond
inhalation exposure to 25 ppm of cyclohexanone. 75
18.4.11 SUMMARY
Even though organic solvents have been increasingly replaced by water-based and solid formulations,
they are still widely used. About 3% of the Finnish working population has estimated
to have significant solvent exposure. 26 It should also be noted that solventless
products may cause new health problems and the knowledge of the health risks of the substitutions
is often poor. 43
An extensive survey of chemical exposure conducted by FIOH in Finland in the
1980’s. The highest exposure levels were detected in shoe gluing, painting of furniture and
other wood products, silkscreen and rotogravure printing, floor lacquering, reinforced plastics
production, paint removing, metal degreasing, and various solvent cleaning operations.
25,45,64
Mostly, inhalation exposure can be effectively controlled by enclosures and ventilation.
Open mold methods in the reinforced plastics industry and paint stripping, however,
require sophisticated ventilation arrangements. High exposures often occur during solvent
cleaning operations. Exposure levels may be very high while cleaning pots in paint and
printing ink industry. The use of a proper respirator is necessary during such a work. The
avoidance of high peak exposures is important also to prevent development of addiction.
The workers may adopt working habits that cause unnecessary exposure. In extreme causes,
even this may lead to solvent sniffing. 24
Recent studies have revealed that percutaneous absorption is often an important route
of solvent exposure. As the control of respiratory exposures develops, the relative importance
of dermal exposures increases.
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