Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

19 Regulations 1291
by 1997, and all categories by the year 2000. A list of sources was developed by EPA in
1992 31 and modified 4 years later. 32 Each MACT standard allows existing sources 3 years to
comply. Additional years may be granted to complete the installation of controls, to dry and
cover mining waste, and for coke ovens. A new source that began construction after the date
a MACT standard was proposed will begin compliance at startup or by the date the final
standard is issued, whichever is later. Under the early reduction program, additional time
may be given to a facility to meet HAP reduction requirements if about 90 percent of the
HAP emissions are reduced before a MACT standard is in effect. Once MACT standards
are promulgated, the CAA requires EPA to conduct a risk assessment, if considered necessary
for public health, to:
• assess the level of risk or “residual risk” remaining to public health,
• estimate the public health significance of the estimated residual risk,
• identify the technological and commercially available methods and costs to reduce
the residual risk,
• estimate the actual health effects in the vicinity of sources,
• identify any health studies and uncertainties in the available risk assessment
methodologies,
• determine any negative health and environmental impacts resulting from the
reduction of the residual risk, and
• produce recommendations leading to legislation for the residual risk.
This may result in even more stringent regulations for solvent users. Figure 19.3 outlines
basic steps involved in the development of a MACT regulatory standard. 28
Figure 19.3. Steps for the development of MACT regulations.