Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

60 George Wypych
Kauri butanol number
140
120
100
80
60
40
R 2 =0.994
R 2 =0.996
R 2 =0.992
aliphatic CH
aromatic CH
CFC
20
7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
Hildebrand solubility parameter, cal
-1/2 cm -3/2
Figure 2.3.20. Kauri butanol number vs. Hildebrand
solubility parameter.
Kauri butanol number
y=62.2-0.47xR 25
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2 =0.996
solubility and place different solvents within the matrix to determine their potential dissolving
capability for a particular resin.
Simpler methods are also used. In the paint industry, Kauri butanol values are determined
by establishing the tolerance of a standard solution of Kauri resin in n-butanol to the
addition of diluents. This method is applicable to hydrocarbons (both aromatic and
aliphatic) and CFCs. Figure 2.3.20 shows that there is a good correlation between the Kauri
butanol number and the Hildebrand solubility parameter. The Kauri butanol number can be
as high as 1000 (amyl ester of lactic acid) or 500 (Freon solvent M-162).
The aniline point determination is another method of establishing the solubilizing
power of a solvent by simple means. Here, the temperature is measured at which a solution
just becomes cloudy. Figure 2.3.21 shows that there is a good correlation between the Kauri
number and the aniline point. Also dilution ratio of cellulose solution is measured by standardized
methods (see Chapter 15).
2.3.20 OTHER TYPICAL SOLVENT PROPERTIES AND INDICATORS
There are many other solvent properties and indices which assist in solvent identification
and selection and help us to understand the performance characteristics of solvents. Most
data characterizing the most important properties were discussed in the sections above. The
solvent properties and classification indicators, which are discussed below, are included in
the Solvent Database available on CD-ROM from ChemTec Publishing.
Name. A solvent may have several names such as common name, Chemical Abstracts
name, and name according to IUPAC systematic nomenclature. Common names have been
used throughout this book and in the CD-ROM database because they are well understood
by potential users. Also, CAS numbers are given in the database to allow user of the database
to use the information with Chemical Abstract searches. In the case of commercial solvents
which are proprietary mixtures, the commercial name is used.
The molecular formula for each solvent is given in the database, followed by the molecular
formula in Hills notation, and the molecular mass (if solvent is not a mixture).
55
50
45
40
35
30
Aniline point, o C
Figure 2.3.21. Kauri butanol number vs. aniline point.