Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

616 Victor Cherginets
88 F. Schneider, E. Lippert, Ber.Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 72, 1155 (1968).
89 J. Catalán, V. López, P. Pérez, J. Fluorescence, 6, 15 (1996).
90 J. Catalán, C. Díaz, V. López, P. Pérez, R.M. Claramunt, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 1697 (1998).
91 M.K. Singh, H. Pal, A.C. Bhasikuttan , A.V. Sapre, Photochem & Photobiol., 68, 32 (1998).
92 J. Catalán, C. Díaz, F. Garcia-Blanco, J. Org. Chem., 64, 6512 (1999).
93 J. Catalán, C. Díaz, F. Garcia-Blanco, J. Org. Chem., in press.
94 G. Gritzner, J. Phys. Chem., 90, 5478 (1986).
95 J. Emsley, N.J. Freeman, J. Mol. Struc., 161, 193 (1987).
96 H. Scheneider, in Solute-Solvent Interactions, J.F. Coetzee and C.D. Ritchie (Eds), Dekker, New York,
Vol 1 p 301 (1969).
97 L. S. Frankel, C.H. Langford, T.R. Stengle, J. Phys. Chem., 74, 1376 (1970). J.F. Hinton, E.S. Amis, Chem.
Rev:, 67, 367 (1967).
98 A.I. Popov, in Soluto-Solvent Interactions, J.F. Coetzee and C.D.Ritchie(eds) Dekker, New York, 1976,
Vol 2 pg 271.
99 K. Dimroth , C. Reichardt, Z. Anal. Chem., 215, 344 (1966) J. G. Dawber, J.Ward, R. A. Williams, J. Chem.
Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 84, 713 (1988).
100 J. Midwinter, P. Suppan, Spectrochim. Acta, 25A, 953 (1969); P. Suppan, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans.,1,
83, 495 (1987); M. W. Muanda, J.B. Nagy, O.B. Nagy, Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3424 (1974); O.B. Nagy,
M.W. Muanda, J.B. Nagy, J. Phys. Chem., 83, 1961 (1979): H. Strehlow, H. Schneider, Pure Appl. Chem.,
25, 327 (1971); M.S. Greenberg, A.I. Popov, Spectrochim. Acta, 31A, 697 (1975); H. Langhals, Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 21, 724 (1982); A. Ben-Nain, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 3809 (1989); P. Chatterjee, S. Bagchi,
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans, 87, 587 (1991); W.E. Acree, Jr., S. A Tucker, D. C. Wilkins, J. Phys. Chem.,
97, 11199 (1993); R.D. Skwierczynski, K.A. Connors, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2, 467(1994) M. Rosés,
C. Ráfols, J. Ortega, E. Bosch, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2, 1607 (1995); W. E. Acree Jr., J. R. Powell,
S. A. Tucker, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2, 529 (1995).
10.4 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA IN IONIC SOLVENTS (IONIC MELTS)
Victor Cherginets
Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine
Ionic melts are widely used in the science and engineering as media for performing different
processes such as electrolysis, electrochemical synthesis, single crystals growing, etc. Practically
complete dissociation of ionic media to the constituent ions creates high current densities
at electrolysis. The absence of oxidants, similar to H + , makes it possible to obtain
products, which cannot be obtained from aqueous solvents (i.e., alkaline and alkaline earth
metals, sub-ions, etc.). From the ecological standpoint, molten ionic media are especially
available as technological solvents since their employment does not cause the accumulation
of liquid wastes because cooling to the room temperature transforms ionic liquids into a
solid state.
Processes taking place in ionic melt-solvents are considerably affected by impurities
contained in the initial components of the melt or formed during preparation (mainly, melting)
of solvents due to the high-temperature hydrolysis of melts or their interactions with
container materials (Al 2O 3, SiO 2, etc.) or active components of atmosphere (O 2,CO 2, etc.).
The list of these impurities is wide enough and includes multivalent cations of transition
metals, different complex anions (oxo- or halide anions). The effect of the mentioned admixtures
on the processes in ionic melts depends mainly on the degree of their donor-acceptor
interactions with constituent parts of the melt.