Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

1348 Kristen I. McMartin, Gideon Koren
The rating factor (RF) can be assessed using industrial hygiene professional judgment
or monitored data. NRRF is the non-routine rating factor for non-routine work defined as
job task or activities which are done seasonally, occasionally or cyclical. The definitions
listed for RRF apply.
For each component a listing was created with respect to individual chemicals, including
rating factors, for female exposure in the Products and Chemicals Divisions. In addition,
a literature search was performed for each chemical that incorporated female occupational
exposure during pregnancy with human teratogenicity and spontaneous abortion as pregnancy
outcomes. Teratogenicity and spontaneous abortion were chosen as the outcomes of
interest as they represent the majority of endpoints examined in studies focusing on female
occupational exposure during pregnancy.
Most of the selected female reproductive toxicology studies examined explicitly
stated chemical exposure levels: either as parts per million, stratifying as to number of days
of exposure, or as estimates of the percentage of the threshold limit values. Medline,
Toxline, and Dissertation Abstracts databases were utilized to search for all research papers
published in any language from 1966 to 1996. In total, 559 studies were obtained from the
literature search. Of these, only 21 studies explicitly stated some sort of exposure level for
the various chemicals. These chemical exposure levels in the literature and subsequent
pregnancy outcomes were compared to IOL chemical exposure indices. The following is an
example of one of the many chemical exposures encountered, namely exposure to toluene.
For other compounds, Table 20.3.5 contrasts values in the literature with IOL indices of
chemical exposure.
Table 20.3.5. Examples of IOL compound exposure indices contrasted to literature
values. [Adapted, by permission from K.I. McMartin and G. Koren, Teratology, 60, 130
(1999) Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Wiley-Liss,
Inc. a division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]
Chemical Reference Literature Exposure Levels IOL Exposure Levels
Aniline Posluzhnyi 42
Benzene
Mukhametova and
Vozovaya 43
Chloroform Taskinen et al. 44
Dichloromethane
Taskinen et al. 44
Windham et al. 21
“low exposure area”
“within or lower than the maximum
permissible levels”
once a week
>once a week
10 hrs a week