Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

1280 Carlos M. Nu�ez
CAS No. Chemical name EPA Code 10
� Permissible Exposure
Limits (PEL) 13 � TLV 14
ppmv mg/m 3
ppmv
53535-33-4 Heptanol ✓
64742-81-0 Kerosene ✓
74806-04-5 Carene ✓
Environmental
Effect
O T D G
(ε) Exempt VOC.
� Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are 8-hour time weighted averages (TWAs) unless a number is preceded
with a (C) which denotes a ceiling limit. When entry is in the mg/m 3 column only, the value is exact; otherwise, it is
approximate.
� Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) are the time weighted average concentrations for a conventional 8-hour workday
and a 40-hour workweek.
(C) Indicates ceiling limit, or a concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
(S) Denotes skin designation as the basis for the value.
O Classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC). VOC can react in the lower atmosphere to form ozone and
other oxidants. VOC means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid,
metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.
Some compounds are specifically exempted from this definition which is found in 40 C.F.R. � 51.100(s).
T Considered a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and listed in Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
D A regulated stratospheric ozone layer depleter.
G May impact climate change.
Other solvents, known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), cause stratospheric ozone depletion.
They gradually release chlorine and other halogens into the atmosphere, which are
effective at destroying the ozone layer, 15 our natural protection from damaging ultraviolet
light (UV). They also have high global warming potentials (GWPs). 16 These solvents are
generally not considered significant precursors of ground level ozone formation. The production
and use of many CFCs have been banned 17,18 and new chemicals have been synthesized
and are becoming available for various applications (see Table 19.3). 19,20
Table 19.3. List of acceptable replacement chemicals for ozone-depleting solvents
(ODS) 20
Substitutes
Alternative Technologies (e.g., powder,
hot melt, thermoplastic plasma spray, radiation-cured,
moisture-cured, chemical-cured,
and reactive liquid)
CFC-113 a Methyl chloroform a HCFC-141b b
C E M P C E M P C E M P
c
Aqueous cleaners c c c c c c
Benzotrifluorides d d d d d d d d
HFC-123 c c
HFC-225ca/cb d d d d
HFC-4310mee d c c d c c c c c
High-solids formulations c